1、Noun Clause -Appositive Clause 名词性从句 之同位语从句,Melody,主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句,名词,名词性从句,主语 表语 宾语 同位语,1. 名词作同位语 Mr Wang, my childs teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。 2.短语作同位语 I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。,同位语：与其
2、前的词或短语表达的是同一事物。,3. 直接引语作同位语But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？” 4. 句子作同位语 The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。,I have no idea why you are so tire
3、d every day . 2. The fact that we dont get enough sleep is absolutely true. 3.I have been thinking about the question whether we should be given more free time. 4.We all know the truth that nothing is more important than health.,idea,The fact,the question,the truth,同位语从句的作用: ?,进一步解释、说明前面名词 的具体内容。,Ac
4、tivity 1 Read and find,同位语从句,被修饰的名词通常为_名词, 如： _, _, hope, wish, _, order, _, _, belief, truth, theory, decision, conclusion, promise, _, _, plan, _,Summary(1):,抽象,fact,news,opinion,question,problem,thought,suggestion,idea,定义: 同位语从句一般放在_的后面，用以 _ 名词所表示的具体内容。在句中作同位语。,某些抽象名词,解释或说明,结构：名词 + 引导词 + 从句,同位语从句
5、的引导词,1.从属连词-that , whether 2.连接代词- what, who, whom, whose, which , whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever 3.连接副词- when, where , how, why,（注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句。）,1.从属连词： that , whether,连词 that 引导同位语从句（注：引导同位语从句的 that 不能省略） 如同位语从句意义、结构完整，则用that（即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用）The idea that you can do this work w
6、ell without thinking is quite wrong.(作 idea的同位语) The news that our team has won the match is true.(作 news 的同位语)He presented evidence that his article was based on original research.(作 evidence 的同位语),e.g: He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。 e.g: The question w
7、hether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。,(2) 连词 whether 引导同位语从句（注：if 不能引导同位语从句） 如同位语从句意义不完整，结构完整，需增加“是否”的含义，则用whether,2.连接代词：what, who, whom, whose, which , whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever 引导同位语从句,e.g: I have no idea what size shoes she wears.( w
8、hat 作定语) e.g: I have no idea which wine is best its a matter of personal taste.( which 作定语) e.g: The question who will take his place is still not clear.( who 作主语) e.g: These wild flowers are so special I would do whatever I can to save them.,3.连接副词：when, where , how, why 引导同位语从句,e.g: We havent yet
9、settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. e.g: You have no idea how worried I was. e.g: My original question , why he did it at all , has not been answered.,如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“什么时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式”等含义，应用连接副词when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。,Activity 2 Choose the proper introductive w
10、ords,1.The question _ should do the work is being discussed at the meeting. 2. I have no idea _ the driver made phone call when driving. 3. The fact _two pupils were killed cant be accepted by their parents. 4. I have some doubt _ he is suitablefor the job. 5. The problem _we should have the meeting
11、 in the hall now must be decided at once.,who,why,that,whether,when,引导同位语从句的连接词,whether,what,how,however,填入适当的连接词, 并判断是定语从句还是同位语从句. 1.The fact _ he used to be a thief is knownto us. 2. We were surprised by the fact _she told us. 3. The next thing _ must be done is to makea plan. 4. Word came _ our a
12、rmy had won the battle. 5. The president had given an order _ everyone in the country should prepare for war _ might last for several years.,that,that / which,that,that,that,that,6. Weve just heard a warning on the radio_ a hurricane is likely to come.7. There is no doubt _ he has told a lie.8. You
13、have no idea _ anxious I was!9. The coat is in the place _ you left it.10. Then across the question about _we were to get the machines needed.,that,that,how,where,where,同位语从句-特殊形式,1.间隔同位语从句 当主语和位于比较短的时候，同位语从句常被分离。主语(本位语)+谓语+同位语从句A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to
14、 buy some flowers for my mothers birthday 简析：由于that从句太长，为避免句子失去平衡，此处用了间隔同位语从句,当由于表达不同意义的需要，同位语 从句也会被句子其它成分隔开。,一、 被状语隔开We have no idea at all that he has gone. 我们一点儿都不知道他已经走了。 二、 被定语隔开 Far from the truth are the words given by theobserver that John was not murdered. 约翰不是被谋杀的,目击者所说的这些话远远不符合事实,2.sugges
15、tion,request和order等名词后的同位语从句用虚拟语气。 She made a request that the doctor(should) be sent for at once.她请求立即请医生来。 简析：suggestion，order，request，proposal，requirement，command，advice，proposition和recommendation等名词后接同位语从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用“(should+)动词原形”的形式，其中should一词可省略。,3.短语及固定句式后的同位语从句 I will come on condition tha
16、t John is invited.如果约翰也被邀请的话，我就来。 简析：短语on condition, on supposition, on the ground(s), on the understanding, with the exception, in spite of the fact, on the assumption及句式 there be + no doubt (hope,chance,possibility,) 后的that从句为同位语从句。,I have a hope that all of you will go to college. 2. I hate the f
17、act that he told me. 3. I hate the fact that he always tells lies4. Titanic is the ship that sank into the ocean. 5. He made an excuse that his car broke down on the way.,同位语从句,定语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,同位语从句,Activity 3 判断以下是什么从句,同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处（1）,同位语从句用来进一步_前面名词的内容; 定语从句用来_前面的名词。,The news that our team has
18、won the final matchis encouraging. （同位语从句说明“消息”的内容：_） The news that you told us is really encouraging. （定语从句对“消息”加以限定：是_，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）,Summary(3):,解释说明,修饰限定,我们队取得了决赛胜利,你告诉我的,Tip1: 抽象名词后面的从句如果是一个完整的句子, 则该从句为同位语从句。反之，多为定语从句。,The news that our team has won the final matchis encouraging. The n
19、ews that you told us is really encouraging.,Summary(3):,同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处（2）,在从句中充当成分吗？,在从句中充当成分吗？,不作成分，无意义，不能省,指代先行词，作成分，作宾语可省,1.The news that he has been elected monitor of our class is true. The news that he has been elected monitor of our class is true. 2.The news (that) he told me is exciting. Th
20、e news (that) he told me is exciting.,Tip2: 在先行词与与从句之间加一个“is”,使之构成一个新句子，如果句子通顺且符合逻辑，则为同位语从句。反之，则为定语从句。,is,（ ）同位语从句,is,（ ） 定语从句,同位语从句与定语从句的区别,名词性,只起连接作用，不做成分,不能省略。,不能替换所修饰的名词,有疑问意义。,补充 说明,1.填入适当的连接词，并判断是定语从句还是同位语从句：1) The fact_ he used to be a thief is known to all. 2) We were surprised by the fact _
21、 she told us. 3) The next thing _ must be done is to make a plan.,that,同,that/which,定,that,定,测试性评价,4) Word came _ our army had won the battle. 5) Weve just heard a warning on the radio _ a hurricane is likely to come.,that,同,that,同,6) There is no doubt _ he has told a lie. 7) You have no idea _ exci
22、ted I was! 8) The coat is in the place _ you left it.,where,定,that,同,how,同,练习,1. Two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet./The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.,The fact that two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.,把下面两个句子连成一个含同
23、位语从句的复合句。,2. The Queen of England was on a four-day visit in China./We heard the news last night.,We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a four-day visit in china.,3. Teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online. /Many Chinese parents hold the view.,Many Chinese parents hold
24、the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online.,4. Time travel is possible./We have no scientific proof for the idea.,We have no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible.,5. Students should be given more free time./The suggestion is welcomed by many people.,The suggest
25、ion that students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people.,6. We dont think you two have met before.我们想你们两位以前没有见过面。(宾语从句),翻译句子,并说明这个名词性从句的作用。,7. It is certain that John will do well in his exam.约翰肯定会考好。(主语从句) 8. Whether they are coming or not dont matter too much.他们来不来无关紧要。(主语从句),9
26、. Now is when we need him most.现在是我们最需要他的时候。(表语从句) 10. I have no idea how she got through the forest.我不知道她是如何穿过那个森林的。(同位语从句),11. The fact that they won the prize made us happy.他们获奖的事实令我们高兴。(同位语从句),1.It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities; this is the informat
27、ion _ has been put forward. A.what B.that C.when D.as 2.She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.A.it B.which C.this D.that 3.I cant stand the terrible noise _ she is crying loudly. A.it B.which C.this D.that 4.The fact_ he failed in the exam is not the one_he told me. A.which;t
28、hat B.that;/ C.which;which D./; that,Choose the best answer,Some researchers believe that there is no doubt_ a cure for AIDS will be found. A. which B. that C. what D. whetherA warm thought suddenly came to me _ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday A. if B. when C
29、. that D. whichNobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _ he had to meet his uncle at the airport. A. why B. that C. where D. because,典例题解,4. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.A. which B. that C. what D. whether 5. Danby left word with
30、my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon. A. who B. that C. as D. which 6. Ive heard a whisper _ David and Heather are heading for marriage. A. what B. which C. who D. that,Tips: 1. 观察名词，是否为常引导同位语从句的名词。 2. 抓出句子主干。 3. 分析从句结构,判断是否缺成分。,Exercise Proof reading,1. Do you have any idea that is a
31、ctually going on in the classroom? 2. Father made a promise that I passed the exam, he would buy me a bicycle. 3. The order that the army should get to the top of the mountain before the daybreak came. 4. The only fact is that most people believe nuclear war would be madness does not mean that it will not occur,what,if,came,
