1、1英语语法 英语句子成分分析句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语，补语，同位语等。句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。I八大成分的概念和构成1 主语(名词代词 )：句子的主体，是谓语陈述，说明的对象。充当主语的形式：1）名词 2）代词 3）名词短语 4）名词从句 （主语从句） 5）数词 6）不定式 7）-ing 形式(动名词) 如：Students study. 学生学习。 （名词） We are friends. 我们是朋友 .（代词）Watching a
2、movie is pleasure, but making a movie is hard work. (动名词)To teach English is my job.（不定式）注意：不定式或动名词作主语时，一般用 it 作形式主语，不定式时放句末作真正的主语。所以上面的句子可变为：It is my job to teach English. The secret of success is never to give up. (名词短语)To see is to believe. (不定式)/Seeing is believing. (耳听为虚眼见为实). What the teacher
3、said in class impressed me very much. （主语从句）2 谓语：表示主语的行为或进行的活动。充当谓语的形式：动词（英语句子的灵魂）谓语部分可以为：情态动词+原形动词 谓语动词单复数形式 be+现在分词或者过去分词、has/have/had+过去分词 do/does/did nt+原形动词do/does/did +原形动词（确实。 。 。 ）如：He can speak English.I have a dream./He has a dream.All the men have done their best.The pizza has gone bad. Y
4、ou dont always want what you need.I am studying English Grammar now.My house was burnt.When I reached to the station, the train had left.I do hope to get along well with my classmates.3 宾语：行为或活动的对象，动作的承受者。充当宾语形式：1）名词 2）代词 3）名词短语 4）名词从句（宾语从句） 5）数词6）不定式 7）-ing 形式(动名词)She is playing the piano now.2He o
5、ften helps me.You should pay 5 YUAN. You dont find opportunities, you should make them.你找不到机会。你得去创造机会。You probably wont hear opportunity knock if your television is always on.如果你常开着电视，你就可能听不到机会的敲门声。The angel also came to Joseph and told him the same thing.那个天使同样来到约瑟夫面前并且告诉他同样的事情。注意：动词后面跟双宾语：动词+间接宾语(
6、人)+直接宾语 (物)/ 动词+ 直接宾语+介词+间接宾语。He often gives me some help.=he often gives help to me.Please make me a kite. =Please make a kite for me. （make, buy 时,介词用 for.其他动词一般用介词 to）如果宾语是不定式、动名词、宾语从句,则常用 it 做形式宾语,而将真正的宾语移后I found (to do ) the job rather difficult. = I found it rather difficult to do the job.I f
7、ind it interesting that I learn English.4 表语：说明主语的身份和情况。(跟在系动词后)系动词主要有：be 动词；感官动词（ look，taste，smell，feel，sound） ；表状态变化的动词（get, become, turn，grow） ；seem , appear, keep ,remain 。 （系动词没有被动）表语的构成形式：1）名词 2）形容词 3）代词 4）数词 5）不定式 6）ing 形式7）过去分词 8）副词 9）介词短语 10）名词从句（表语从句）Time is money. You look very young.They
8、 were at home.Her face turned red.My hobby is collecting stamps.My dream is to be a pilot.Im very excited when I hear the message/at the news .Im here.The tree is in front of the house.It seems as if it will rain.The fact is that youre wrong.5补语：补充说明。 （由动词类别来决定）补语的构成形式：1）名词 2）代词 3）形容词 4）数词 5）不定式 6）-
9、ing 形式7）过去分词 8）介词短语 3主语补语Tom was made monitor.宾语补语I made Tom monitor.（名词）I saw my friend caught by the police.（过去分词）I saw my friend entering the bank.（ -ing 形式）I heard my friend sing in the next room.(省略 to 不定式做宾补)My friend was heard to sing in the next door.（主语补语）I think/consider you kind (形容词)6、定语
10、：对名词进行范围限定。定语的构成形式：1）限定词 2）形容词 3）名词 (被修饰名词的类别与性质) 4）数词 5）不定式（后定） 6）-ing 形式（单个词作前定，短语作后定）7）过去分词（单个词作前定，短语作后定） 8）介词短语（后定） 10）定语从句（后定）That book is mine.This is beautiful music.There are three apple trees in front of our house.(单数名词作定语)Two women teachers(man 、woman 作定语要用复数)Is there something to eat?I sa
11、w a flying bird in the sky.I like the novels written by LX.The umbrella behind the door was gone.The bird that/which was flying in the sky was killed.7. 同位语：对被修饰对象进行补充说明或进一步解释。构成形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4 ）数词5）不定式6）-ing 形式7）名词从句(同位语从句 )Puff, the magic dragon, lived by the sea.I， a high school student, like
12、math best.The news that the president will visit our school makes me excited.8. 状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词，句子。位置：自由自在。表示行为发生的时间，地点，程度，频度，方式，伴随，原因，目的，比较等。构成形式:1）副词 2)介词短语 3）状语从句 4）不定式5）ing 形式6）过去分词Can you feel the love tonight?To catch up with my classmates , I must study hard.With his help, we worked out this p
13、roblem.He looks tired because he stayed up late yesterday.He runs fast.Im very tired.He runs so fast.4Honestly, youre silly.英语句子(sentence)=主语+ 谓语（核心：主动词）1) The teacher in the classroom.2) Sang many songs and danced happily.3) She attracts. 4)Many people living in the country. 4) All the books on the
14、 desk over there.以上这些形式 没有中心词（动词）都不能构成英语句子。II 成分关系1补语跟着宾语跑：补语跟在宾语和表语的后面构成宾补和表补。把有宾补的句子变成被动语态，则宾补就变成了主补。To love others makes us happyto love ourselves makes us lonely.（宾补）We are made happy to love otherswe are made lonely to love ourselves.（主补）爱他人使我们幸福，在自己使我们孤单。2定语，同位（语）专把名词踹：定语，同位语修饰名词性形式Experience
15、is the best teacher.（被定语所修饰的形式为名词）They are going to Melbourne, the beautiful city in southern Australia.（同位语所修饰的形式为名词）3谓语动词由状语修饰When you reach for the stars, you may not quite get one, but you wont come up with a handful of sand either.你想摘下天上的星星，可能一个也摘不下；但也不会一无所获。课后练习（一）请分析下面句子的结构说出各个成分1）I have (two
16、)( elder) sisters. 2) They dont swim very well. 3) Do you go to school every day? 4) I really want a cup of tea. 5) Miss Smith teaches English very well.6）Our school is not far from my home. 57） It is a great pleasure to talk with you8） All of us considered him honest. 9） My grandfather bought me a
17、pair of sports shoes.10）He broke a piece of glass.(二)指出下列句中主语的中心词 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult(三). 选出句中谓语的中
18、心词 I dont like the picture on the wall.A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus?A.Do B. usually C. go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C.
19、 the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast（四) 挑出下列句中的表语 The old man was feeling very tired.6A B C D Why is he worried about Jim?A B C D The leaves have turned yellow.A B C D Soon They all became interested in the subject.A B C D She
20、 was the first to learn about it.A B C D(五) 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework.A B C D People all over the world speak English.A B C D You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.A B C D How many new words did you learn last class?A B C D Some of the students in the school want to go
21、 swimming, how about you?A B C D(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 (6分，6分钟)She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.A B C D He asked her to take the boy out of school.A B C D She found it difficult to do the work.A B C D They call me Lily sometimes.A B C D I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
22、7A B C D(七)划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 1. Please tell us a story.2. My father bought a new bike for me last week.3. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.4. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.5.Did he leave any message for me?(八)、找出下列句子的定语和状语1. He is one of the most popular actors in China.2. What is your given name?3. He always goes to bed late.4. Seeing his mother, the boy went towards her.5. The old man outside the room is my grandpa.
