1、第 1 页 共 15 页八年级下册英语重点笔记Do you think (插入成分 )+宾语从句 (陈述句序 ) ?注意：回答以宾语从句为主-Do you think there will be robots in peoples homes?-Yes, there will./No, there will nothome (副词、名词 )家；家乡，故乡in peoples homes=in peoples families 在人们的家里 (名词 )go home 回家 (副词 ) get home 到家 (副词 )不能接 tohouse 房屋，住宅 family 家庭 （强调整体单数；强调家
2、庭成员复数） His family are going to Wuhan.My family is very large.be used for/to do 被用来做 The knife is used to cut apples. =The knife is used for cutting apples.get/be used to doing 习惯于 My grandpa is used to going for a walk after dinner.used to do sth 过去常常做 (现在不做了 ) I used to swim in the lake near my vil
3、lage when I was young.make use of 利用 Make good use of your time in class.use up 用光 By this time he had used up all his savings.use 使用; (临时 )借用borrow 借进 (瞬间 )(from)lend 出借 (瞬间 )(to)rent 租用let 出租keep 保留;借用 (持续多久 )on TV 通过电视；在电视里on the phone 通过电视；在电话中on the radio 通过电视；在收音机里on the internet 通过电视；在网上on co
4、mputer 通过计算机；用计算机every 每一的 (adj.三个以上，且强调整体 ) Every students has a pen.(所有的 ) every day 每一天 (前不加介词 ) each 每一的 (adj.二个以上，且强调个体 ) ; 每一个 (代词 ) Each child gets a present.(每一个 ) on each side of the road 在公路每一边. on both sides of the road 在公路两边 on either side of the road 在公路任何一边Each of us has a ticket. 注意：e
5、very 前可用 nearly、almost 等副词饰，但 each 不能. every 与 not 连用表部分否定，但 each 不能连用，部分否定用 not every one/not everyone，全部否定用 no one.every,some,any,no 都可和 thing,one,body 合成不定代词，作主语、宾语和表语Everything is ready now.(一切都准备好了)Everyone/Everybody is here.(大家都来了 )Nothing is impossible.(一切皆有可能)不定代词被形容词饰，形容词后置There is nothing
6、serious.(没有什么要紧的)free 免费的；空闲的 Children under five are free on buses. Are you free tonight?live to be + 基数词+ years old 活到岁live on sth/sb 靠为生live on +楼层 住在层 live on the tenth floorlive by sth/doing sth 靠某方式或手段谋生live in +地点 居住某地paper 纸张 (不可数 )；论文,试卷,报纸 (可数 )a piece/sheet of paper 一张纸 two pieces/sheets
7、of paper 两张纸Please hand in your papers.Unit1 Will people have robots?第 2 页 共 15 页live 居住 He lives at home pleasantly.stay 暂住 Hell stay at the hotel for two days.in +时段 （将来时 ） He will get there in three days.after +过去时段/将来时点 Ill be free after Friday. After three years he came back to China.时段+later (
8、副词 ) I will see you later. after two hours=two hours laterfewfewer(较少的)+ 可数复数 littleless(较少的)+ 不可数 many more(较多的) + 可数复数 muchmore(较多的)+不可数agree to sth 同意 (计划、办法、建议、条件 ) He agree to the plan.agree to do sth 同意做某事 I agree to meet him tomorrow.agree with sb/意见 /看法 I dont agree with him/what he said.agr
9、ee on/upon 就取得一致 We agree on the plan.agree with sth 适合 (事物、气候、话语 ) The food does not agree with me.before 过去起点时段前 (完成时 ) He said that his parents had died ten years beforeago 现在起点时段前 (过去时 ) Two day ago, I went to see him.一般将来时 will/shall + do Ill come and see you next year.There will be +名词 = There
10、 is/are going to be 将会有 There will be a football match this afternoon.There is going to be a football match this afternoon.space 太空 (不可数 )；空间 (可数、不可数 ) The earth travels around the sun in space.space station 太空站Is there any room/space for me?room 房间 (可数 )；空间 (不可数 ) Could you please make room for me?
11、place 地方；地点 (可数 ) Yueyang is a beautiful place.fly 乘、驾驶、放飞 (vt.) I cant fly a plane. fly a kite 放风筝飞行；飞逝(vi.) Ill fly to London tomorrow. Time flies.时光飞逝How time flies.光阴似箭because 从属连词 We cant go out because the weather is terrible.because of 介词短语 We cant go out because of the terrible weather.注意：so
12、 (因此 )为并列连词，不可与 because 一起连用 The weather is terrible, so we cant go out.fall in love with =be in love with 爱上 He fell in love with her at first sight.他对她一见钟情fall (掉下；跌倒；变为 )fellfallen fall asleep 入睡fall ill 生病fall into 陷入fall off 跌落fall down 跌倒fall over 摔倒fall behind 落后feel(感觉；摸起来 )feltfelt alone 单独
13、地 (副词 )=by oneself It is too big a job for me to do alone.单独的 (形容词 )客观实情 He was alone in the house.仅仅 (副词 ) You cant live on bread alone.lonely 孤独的 主观感受 ；荒凉的 He was lonely in a lonely island.住在荒凉的岛上，他感到很孤独。as 像一样 (连词 +从句 )；作为，以 身份 (介词 ) He works as others do.She worked as a teacher for ten years.lik
14、e 像 一样 (介词 +名词 ) He spoke to her like her father.第 3 页 共 15 页even(甚至 )如同 much,so far, a little, a lot 等词一样可饰形容词或副词比较级加强程度I can do it even better than him(he).during 在期间内(=in) 提问用 When He swims every day during/in the summer.for (时间 )长达 提问用 How long He stayed in Beijing for two years.probably perhaps
15、 | maybe possibly 可能It will probably be fine in the afternoon.Perhaps youre right.Maybe Ill see you next week.He possibly forgot it.wear +服饰 穿戴 (状态 ) He is wearing a pair of glasses.dress + sb/oneself 穿 (动作 ) Will you dress the children ?be dressed in +衣服 (状态 ) The girl likes to dress in black .put
16、on +衣服 (动作 ) You should put on your jacket .have on +服饰 (状态 ) He has on a blue coat today .(be) in + 衣服/颜色 The boy in black is my brother .can (情态动词 )能 (现在、过去时 )；请求，允许 I can sing. Can/Could you go with me ?be able to 能够 (多种时态 ) He will be able to pass the exam.I hope to be able to go to Beijing .kee
17、p 饲养；保持；保留 keep (on) doing keep sb doing sth keep sb +adj. 使某人保持某种状态 keep healthy 保持健康 keep quiet 保持安静 one day 有一天 (过去、将来 ) I can be successful one day.some day 总有一天 (将来 ) Some/One day, Ill find him.the other day 几天前 (过去 ) I came across my old classmate the other day.so + adj. + a/an +单数可数名词 Its so
18、fine a day.such +a/an + adj. +单数可数名 词 Its such a fine day. so +many/much/little/few +名词 so many/ few flowers so much/ little money. such nice flowers such rapid progressfor oneself 独立地；为自己 Do you have anything to say for yourself?by oneself 单独地；独自地 He can live by himself.to oneself 私自的，为所独有 You must
19、 find it out for (by) yourself.He had a room to himself. say to oneself 自言自语，心里想in future 从今以后=from now on You must be more careful in future.in the future 在将来 Who knows what will happen in the future?sth come true My dream has come true.sb realize I have realize my dream.no one 没有人 (泛指人 ) 回答 who No
20、 one/Nobody told you to go.none (三者 )没有人/物+of 回答 how many/much None of them came back. None of that money on the table is mine.nothing 没有什么 (泛指物 ) 回答 what I know nothing about that.the key to the door 门钥匙 the answer(key) to the question 问题答案 a way(path,road) to 通向的路a bridge to 通向的桥梁 a trip(visit) to
21、 通向之旅a ticket to a ball game. 一张球赛门票第 4 页 共 15 页but 但是 (连词 ) You know him but I dont.however 可是 (副词 ) It was the fact, However, he was wrong.while 可是 (连词 ) I was reading while he was watching.yet 但是 (连词 ) Ive failed, yet Ill try again.see sb do sth 看见某人做 (强调过程 ) I saw him run on the playground.see s
22、b doing sth 看见某人正在做 (强调动作进行 ) I saw him running when I passed by.类似感官动词有：hear, watch, listen to, look at , feel 等数词+hundred +复数名词 She has five hundred books.概数词+hundreds of +复数名词 She has hundreds of books.It be + adj. + for sb to do sth (对不定式动词描述)：easy,hard,difficult,important,necessary,dangerous.It
23、 be + adj. + of sb to do sth (对人性格品行评价)：good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,polite,clever,wrongIts hard for me to learn English well. Its dangerous for children to swim in the river.Its kind of you to say so. Its clever of you to work out the maths problem.感观动词和使役动词后接省 to 不定式作宾补。在被动句除 let 外，均要加 to一感 feel；
24、二听 hear,listen to；三让 let,have,make；四看 see,look at, watch,observeThe great news made her feel happy. She was made to feel happy by the great news.I heard her sing in her room. She was heard to sing in the room.I let him do it. He is let do it by me.try to do sth 尽力做某事 Well try to answer all the quest
25、ions.try doing sth 尝试做某事 We tried growing our own vegetables. Ive tried the new machine.try ones best to do sth=do ones best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事try on 试穿try out 试用，试验have a try 试试be like 像什么样 What is the tea like?look like 看起来像 What does he look like?他长什么样？look the same 看起来一样 Lily and her sister lo
26、ok the same.help sb with sth 帮助某人某事 My mother helps me with my homework.help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事 My mother helps me (to) do my homework.with ones help=with the help of sb 在某人帮助下seem (to be) +形容词 /名词 /介词 /过去分词 /动名词 似乎 The girl seems happy today.seem to do sth 似乎要 He seems to think so.seem like 看起来
27、像 He seems like a doctor.It seems tvhat/as if 似乎 It seems that he is sad=He seems to be sad.注意 seem 暗示判断接近事实，look 强调视觉印象。There be doing 主谓关系 There are some students playing basketball.There be to do 动宾关系 There is hard work to do.already 已经 (现在时、完成时 ) 肯定句、句中位置 疑问句表惊讶 He is already back. Weve already
28、had the exam.Is he already back?他( 真的)回来了？yet 还，迄今 (完成时 ) 否定疑问句、句末位置 Have you got it yet?你明白了么？He hasnt started yet.第 5 页 共 15 页动词+副词( out,up,down,off,away,in,on,over) 动副结构代词作宾语放中间，名词作宾语前后均可 get up 起床put down 放下fall off 摔倒run away 离开turn on 打开turn off 关闭get over 克服work out 算出 You should call him up.
29、动词+介词(of,with,about,for,to,against) 动介结构宾语无论名代均放后 think of 想起get on with 和相处think about 考虑到look for 寻找listen to 听keep out 不让入内 Keep the dog out!keep off 让开，不接近 Keep off the grass!请勿践踏草坪！keep away from 远离；保持距离 Keep away from the drugs. 远离毒品maybe 或许 副词、状语、实义动词前系助动词后 Maybe he can arrive here a little l
30、ate.may be 或许 情态动词 +be、谓语 He may be a student.play 玩 (动词 ) play computer games play the piano play basketball play chess./card 娱乐 (不可数名词 ) Is it time for play?戏剧，表演 (可数名词 ) TV play 电视剧out of style 过时的（ 反义 in style 、in fashion；近义 out of fashion） out of job/work 失业out of danger 脱离危险out of control 失去控制
31、surprise 使惊奇 (及物动词 ) His actions surprised me. 惊奇 (名词 ) in surprise 惊奇地to ones surprise 使人惊奇的是 To my surprise, he passed the exam.惊奇的 (形容词 ) be surprised to do sthbe surprised at be surprised thatsurprising 令人惊奇的 (修饰说明物的特征，表主动 ) Its a piece of surprising news.surprised 感到惊奇 (主语为人，含被动 ) Im surprised
32、at his words.loud 大声的 (形 )；大声地 (副 ) 人声:speak/talk/read/laugh/cry He shouldnt speak so loud.loudly 高声地 (副 )=loud 喧闹：knock,ring Someone knocked loudly at the door.aloud 出声地 think aloud 自言自语read aloud 朗读 Please read the text aloud.enough 足够的，充分的 作形饰名前后可 I dont have enough money.足够地，十分 作副饰形副后置 This T-sh
33、irt is expensive enough.足够 (代可数或不可数 ) I have had enough.固定结构：This is good enough for me.对我来说够好了He could earn enough to keep a family of four.be +adj.+enough to do sth = tooto = sothat He isnt old enough to go to school.=He is so young that he cant go to school=He is too young to go to school.Whats w
34、rong with you?怎么啦？ =Whats the matte/trouble with you?Whats your =trouble?Whats up?What happen to sb.?call sb up =ring sb up=give sb a (telephone) call=ring/telephone sb 给某人打电话argue with/against sb about sth 为某事与某人争辩 I often argue with my friends about the problem.argue about/on sth 争论某事 There is no
35、need arguing about the matter.argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做某事 He argued his father out of smoking. discuss 讨论 Were going to discuss the question.Unit2 What should I do?第 6 页 共 15 页also 也 (肯定句、实动前系助后 ) We also play football.too 也 (肯定句、句末用逗号 ) His father is a teacher,too.either 也 (否定句、句末用逗号 ) I
36、 dont like the food. He doesnt , either.buy sth(直宾 ) for sb(间宾 ) =buy sb(间宾 ) sth(直宾 ) He bought a present for me=He bought me a present.将直宾置于间宾前时须加上 to 或 for 的及物动词 for：buy, draw, make to：give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand, bring Ill send it to you.sb pay for sth 某人买某物 I paid for the book.sb
37、pay sb for sth 某人买某物付款给某人 I paid him for the book.sb pay money for sth 某人付款买某物 I paid fifteen yuan for the book.buy sth for sb/money 为某人 (花钱 )买某物 I bought the book for him. I bought the book for fifteen yuan.sth cost (sb) money. 某物花 (某人 )多少钱 The book cost me fifteen yuan.sb spend +time/money doing s
38、th /on sth I spent fifteen yuan on the book/buying the book. It takes sb time to do sth It takes me three days to do that,the same 一样 They look the same.the same as 与一样 反义 be different from I like the same music as he (does)/him.could 情态动词，can 过去式He said that he couldnt come.(过去某一时间的能力 )Could I use
39、you phone, please?(委婉询问请求或建议，并不表过去 )Dont worry. They could have just forgotten to call.(推测可能性，用于过去、现在或将来及肯否疑各种句型 )It cant be true.(推测现在可能性，只用于否定句或疑问句 )ask sb for sth 向某人要某物ask sb sth=ask sb for sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do sth 请求某人 (不要 )做某事ask for sth 要求得到某物ask for sb 找某人should 情态动词，shall 过去式但不表示过去的动作
40、，语气更委婉，与其他情态动词一样，没有人称和数的变化，后跟动词原形We should really go and visit them soon.(忠告：应该，应当 )We should arrive before dark.(推测：应当，应该 )Should I call him and apologize? (征询建议意愿 )He asked me what time he should come.(间接引证 shall过去式 )find out 查明( 真相) find 找到 look for 寻找 tell sb about sth 告诉某人有关某事tell sb sth= tell
41、sth to sb 告诉某人某事 注意:say 不能直接接双宾,后接人时须接 to say to sb sth say to sb +that 从句tell sb (not) to do sth 告诉某人(不要) 做某事can/could/be able to tell A from B 辨别 I cant tell her from her sister.第 7 页 共 15 页something/ anything/everything/someone/nothing/what/who/where +else 别的Would you like something else? other 别
42、的 (被饰词前 ) Are there any other people?upset (外界因素引起 )不安的 (at,about ) He was upset at the news.sad (内因有关 ,感情悲伤 )难过 I was sad to hear that youre sick.except 除之外 (不算 ) I go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday.but 除之外 (不算 ) none, no one, nobody, all, everything, everyone, who, what, where 等后注意
43、：except/but 作介词时，前含有动词 do，则后面接省 to 不定式，否则不省 to.He does nothing except watch TV at home on Sunday. besides 除之外 (包括 ) He has another car besides this.除了这辆车外，他还有一辆车get on 上车 (bus,train,ship,plane较大交通工具 ) 反义 get off The old man got on the bus slowly.get into 上车 (car,taxi较小交通工具 ) 反义 get out of He got int
44、o the car to the station.get on/along well with sb 与某人相处融洽get on along well with sth 某事进展顺利 疑问词+ to 不定式I dont know how to do it next.=I dont know how I can do it next.I cant decide which watch to buy.=I cant decicde which watch I should buy.tleave 遗忘，忘带 (sth +地点) He left his book in the classroom.fo
45、rget 忘记(+sth/doing sth /to do sth) I forgot to take the book. I left it at your home.lose 丢失( 物品 ) I lost my pen. miss 错过(某物) He may miss the train.fail sth 做某事失败 He failed the exam.fail in (doing) sth 做某事失败 He failed in the exam. 不能说 He didnt pass the exam.fail to do sth 不能做某事 He failed to pass the
46、 exam.get on 上车 (bus,train较大交通工具 ) 反义 get off The old man got on the bus slowly.get into 上车 (car,taxi较小交通工具 ) 反义 get out of He got into the car to the station.return 归还 (及物 = give back) return sb sth =return sth to sb Dont forget to return me the keys.return 返回(不及物=go back) He returned to Wuhan a we
47、ek ago.until (肯定句动作持续 )直到为止 He waited until 12:00.until (否定句动作 )直到开始 He didnt go to bed until his father came back.注意:till 基本与 until 相同，但句首一般用 until，固定搭配中 from tillfrom here to there 从这儿到那儿from Friday to Sunday 从星期五到星期日from door to door 挨家挨户from morning to evening 从早到晚from time to time 有时，不时第 8 页 共
48、15 页fit 适合，合身 (及物，不及物 ) Your clothes fit well. This coat fits you well.be fit for 适合，胜任 The book is fit for children.suit 合适 (需要、口味、性格、条件、地位等 ) Does the time suit you?match 协调，匹配 (大小、色调、形状、性质等方面 ) Roses clothes and hat dont match.get out of 从 出来 When I came back, he is getting out of the bedroom.as +形容词(名词)/副词 + as possible as + 形容词(名词)/副词 + as one can/couldYou ought to rest as much as possible.He ran as fast as possible/he could.We walked as much as 50 miles that plain（to sb ）about/of sth 向某人抱怨Mothers are complaining of high prices of food.include 包括 (动词 ) The price
