1、Unit 1,Section A Grammar Focus,Read these sentences paying attention to the underlined parts.I study by working with a group.Do you learn English by watching videos?Try to guess a words meaning by reading the sentences before and after it.You can become better by reading something you enjoy every da
2、y.,“by + 动名词”常常表示手段、方式或方法，可以用来回答how引导的特殊疑问句。 - How do you learn English? - I learn English by watching English movies.,How do you practice speaking?,By having conversations with friends.,How do you learn new words?,By making word cards.,How do you improve your writing?,By writing e-mails to my pen p
3、als.,How do you practice listening?,By listening to a tape and repeating out loud.,How do you improve your pronunciation?,By watching English programs.,How do you learn grammar?,By taking notes, doing exercises and reading a lot.,How do you improve your writing?,By writing diaries in English.,How of
4、ten do you write a diary?,How do you improve your listening?,By listening to VOA.,How often do you listen to VOA?,How do you keep healthy?,By exercising.,How often do you exercise?,Lin Lin often practices English _chatting with her American friends. A. in B. by C. for D. with,经典范例,【解析】选B。句意：林林经常通过和美
5、国朋友聊天练习英语。,我通过向老师求助学习。 I study by asking the teacher for help.We learn English by _ (make) vocabulary lists,making,我们通过利用太阳的光和热使植物长地好。2. 现在人们利用手机来进行交流。,Translate the sentences into English.,We can make plants grow well by using the light and heat from the sun.,Now people can communicate with each ot
6、her by using cell phones.,3. Lily通过少吃减肥吗？不，不是的。 4. 中国人通过植树来使环境越来越美丽。,Does Lucy lose weight by eating less food? No, she doesnt.,Chinese people make the environments more and more beautiful by planting trees.,by 的用法介词, 表示“通过方法或途径的意思”, 译成“靠, 通过”, 后面可加名词、名词短语或动名词。可用来回答how引导的特殊疑问句。1) The house was destr
7、oyed by fire. 房屋被火烧毁了。,2) travel by air / land / sea 航空（陆路，航海）旅行 3) go by train / boat / bus 乘火车（船，公共汽车） 4) shake sb. by the hand 和某人握手 5) I study English by watching English movies. 我通过看英文电影学英语。,另外, by作为介词的意义有很多, 例如: 1）在旁边，靠近There is a power station by the river. 河边有一个电厂。2）沿着，经由 to enter by the doo
8、r 由门进去 3）由于 by mistake 由于差错；错误地,4）被，由 some articles written by Lu Xun一些由鲁迅写的文章5）表示相（乘）除（以计算面积） a room 5m by 4m 一间长五米宽四米的房间6）逐一；连续 one by one 一个接一个,英汉互译 I study English by listening to tapes. (通过听录音带)by studying with a group. ( )by watching English programs on TV. ( )by taking part in English classes
9、 after school. ( ),通过小组学习,通过看英文电视节目,通过放学后上英语班,I study English _(通过读英文杂志). _(通过读教科书). _(通过认真完成家庭作业).,by reading English magazines,by reading the textbook,by doing homework carefully,用by的相关短语完成句子 1. I think the best way to learn English is _ (通过大声朗读). 2. He usually goes to work _ (乘地铁). 3. First walk
10、_ (经过银行旁边), and then turn left.,by reading aloud,by the bank,by subway,4. Can we sit _ (在窗子旁边)? 5. You must be back home _ (到十点为止). 6. There are lots of trees _ (沿河). 7. You must do your homework _ （你自己). 8. English is widely used _ (被人们) all over the world.,by the window,by ten oclock,by the river,by yourself,by people,【2011四川德阳】2. How do you study for a test?- _ working with friends.A. By B. With C. On 答案： A 【解析】本题考查介词by的用法。by意为“通过方式”；with意为“和在一起”；on意为“朝,向”.句意“你是怎么为考试作准备吗？”“通过和朋友一起学习。”只有by具有“通过方式”的意思，故选A。,
