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考研英语常用词根词缀.doc

1、考研英语基础词汇11. 常见前缀序号 类别 小类 前缀 例示a-, an- asymmetry, anhydrousdis- dishonest, dislikein-, ig-, il-, im-, ir-incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregularne-, n- none, neither, nevernon- nonsenseneg- neglect纯否定un- unable, unemploymentmale-, mal- malfunction, maladjustmentmis- mis

2、take, mislead错误意义pseudo- pseudonym, pseudosciencede- defend, demodulationdis- disarm, disconnect反动作意义un- unload, uncoveranti-, ant- antiknock, antiforeign, antisciencecontra-, contre-, contro-contradiction, controflowcounter-, counterreaction, counterbalanceob-, oc-, of-, op- object, oppose, occupy1

3、 否定相反、相互对立with- withdraw, withstand在之上,向a- aboard, aside附近,邻近,边侧by- bypath, bypassHe bypassed his colleagues on the board and went ahead with the deal.周围,环绕,回转circum-, circu- circumstance, circuit, circum-Pacific island arccircum-Pacific volcanic belt在下,向下 de- descend, degrade, dethrone, deport, ded

4、uce, derail, delete, depart, decamp, decode, deforest, decolonize, devaluation在内,进入 en-, encage, enbed外部,外 ex-, ec-, es- exit, eclipse, expand, export额外 extra-, extraction在前面 fore- forehead, foreground2 空间位置,方向关系(用于 b,m,p 之前), ir-, 表示in-, il-, im- inland, invade, inside, import考研英语基础词汇2“向内,在内,背于”在间,

5、相互inter-, intel-, international, interaction, internet向内,在内,内侧intro-, introduce, introduce中,中间 medi-, med-, mid- Mediterranean, midposition在上面,在外部,在外out-, outline, outside, outward在上面,在外部,向上over-, overlook, overhead, overboard向后,在后边,次post-, postscript在前、在前面 pre- prefix, preface, preposition在前,向前 pro

6、- progress, proceed在下面,下 sub-, suc-, suf-, sung-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplement在之上 super-, sur- superficial, surface, superstructure移上,转上,在那一边trans- translate, transform, transoceanic在下面,下的under- underline, underground, underwater向上,向上面,在上up- upward, uphold, u

7、phill先前,早于,预先ante-, anti- antecedent, anticipate先,故,旧 ex- expresident, exhusband在前面,先前,前面fore- forward, forecast, foretell中,中间 mid-, medi- midnight, midsummer在后,后 post- postwar在前,事先,预先pre-, pri- preheat, prewar, prehistory在前,先,前 pro- prologue,prophet3 时间,序列关系再一次,重新 re- retell, rewrite副,次要的 by- bypro

8、duct, bywork超越,额外 extra- extraordinary超过,极度 hyper- hypersonic, hypertension超过,过分 out- outdo, outbid超过,过度,太over- overeat, overdress, oversleep4 比较程度差别关系低,次,副, sub-, suc-, sur- subeditor, subordinate, subtropical考研英语基础词汇3亚超过 super-, sur- supernature, superpower, surplus, surpass低劣,低下 under- undersize,

9、 undergrown, underproduction副,次 vice- vicepresident, vicechairman共同,一起 com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co-connect, combine, collect, combat, coexist, co-operate5 共同,相等意思 同,共,和,类syn-, syl-,sym- symmetry, sympathy, synthesis完整,完全 al- alone, almost, overall完全,全 over- overall, overflow6 整个完全意思 全,总,万 pan- Panent

10、heism, panorama分离,离开 a-, ab-, abs- away, apart, abstract, abstain离去,处去 de- depart, decolour分离,离开 dis-, di-, dif- divorce, disarm离开,分离 ex-, e- expel, exclude, expatriate离开,脱离 for- forget, forgive离开 re- release, resolve7 分离,离开意思分离,隔离 se- separate, seduce, select通过,横过 dia- diameter, diagram通,总,遍 per-,

11、pel- perfect, perform, pervade8 通过,遍及横过,贯通 trans- transparent, transmit, transport强化 a- arouse, ashamed9 加强加强 ad- adjoin, adherebe-, en- befriend, enslave, enable, enrich10 变换词类作用的前缀ad-, ac-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-adapt, accord, affix, aggression, arrive, assist, attend, attract, arrange,

12、 assign单一、一 mon-, mono- monotone, monopoly, monarch单调 uni-, un- uniform, unicellular二,两,双 ambi-, bi-, bin-, di-, twi-ambiguous, amphibian, bicycle, diode, twilight三 tri- tripod, tricycle十,十分之一 deca, deco-, dec-, deci-decade, decimal百,百分之一 hecto-, hect-, centi-hectometer, centimeter, centipede千,千分之一

13、kilo- kilometer11 数量关系万,万分之一 myria-, myri-, mega-, meg-, micro-myriametre, megabyte, microvolt考研英语基础词汇4许多,复,多数poly-, multi- polysyllable, multipmetre半,一半 hemi-, demi-, semi-, pene-, pen-hemisphere, demiofficial, semiconductor, semitransparent, peninsula首位,第一的,主要的arch- architect, archbishop自己,独立,自动au

14、to- automobile, autobiography善,福 bene- benefit优,美好 eu- eugenics, euphemism恶,不良 male-, mal- maltreatment, malodor大,宏大 macro- macroscopic大 magni- magnificent12 特殊意义微 micro- microscope听,声 aud- audience生命,生物 bio- biography地球,大地 geo- Geography, geology, geometry, geopolitics, geochemistry, geophysics声,音调

15、 phon- phonograph13 术语远 tele- television, telephone, telescope, telemeter2. 常见后缀常见后缀序号 类别 小类 前缀 例示-an, -ian American, historian-al principal-ant,-ent merchant, agent, servant, student-ar scholar, liar, peddler-ard, -art coward, laggard, braggart-arian humanitarian, vegetarian-ary secretary, missiona

16、ry-ate candidate, graduate-ator educator, speculator-crat democrat, bureaucrat-ee employee, examinee-eer engineer , volunteer-er banker, observer, Londoner, villager-ese Japanese, Cantonese-ess actress, hostess, manageress-eur amateur, litterateur1 名词后缀具有某种职业或动作的人-ian Christian, physician, musician考

17、研英语基础词汇5-ician electrician, magician, technician-icist physicist, phoneticist, technicist-ic mechanic, critic-ie dearie, auntie, lassie-ier cavalier, clothier, brazier-ine, ina heroine, ballerina-ist pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist-ive native, captive-logist biologist, geologist-or auth

18、or, doctor, operator-ster youngster, gamester, songster-acy accuracy, diplomacy-age courage, storage, marriage-al refusal, arrival, survival, denial, approval; manual, signal, editorial, journal-ance, -ence endurance, importance, diligence, difference, obedience-ancy, -ency frequency, urgency, effic

19、iency,-bility possibility, feasibility-craft woodcraft, handicraft, statecraft-cracy bureaucracy, democracy-cy bankruptcy , supremacy-dom freedom, kingdom, wisdom-ery, -ry bravery, bribery, rivalry-ety variety, dubiety-faction,-facturesatisfaction, manufacture-hood childhood, manhood, falsehood-ice

20、notice, justice, service-ine medicine, discipline, famine-ing building, writing, learning-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition,action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction-ise exercise, merchandise-ism socialism, criticism ; colloquialism, heroism-ity purity, reality, ability, cala

21、mity-ment treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument-mony ceremony, testimony-ness goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendlinessor, -our favor, error-osity curiosity-ship hardship, membership, friendship名词后缀构成,具有抽象名词的含义-th depth, wealth, truth, length, growth考研英语基础词汇6-tude latitude, altitude-

22、ure exposure, pressure, failure, procedure-y glory, history, victory, inquiryage village, cottage-ary library, granary-ery, ry laundry, nursery, surgery带有场所,地方的含义-ory factory, dormitory, laboratory, observatory-grapy biography, calligraphy, geography-ic, ics logic, mechanics, optics, electronics-olo

23、gy biology, zoology, technology-nomy astronomy, economy, bionomy-ery chemistry, cookery, machinery带有学术,科技含义-y photography, philosophy-age baggage, tonnage-dom newspaperdom-hood neighbourhood, womanhood-ery cavalry, ministry表示人和事物的总和,集合含义-ure legislature, judicature-ant, ent solvent, constant-al sign

24、al, pictorial-ar collar, pillar- er boiler, computer ,washer, cooker-ery drapery-ing clothing, matting表示物品和物质名称的含义-ment instrument, equipment , attachment-cle particle-cule molecule-el parcel-en chicken, maiden-et pocket, ticket-etta, -ette, etto,cigarette, essayette-kin napkin-y baby, doggy-ling du

25、ckling名词后缀表示“细小”的含义-let booklet带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义-able, -ible movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible-al natural, additional, educational-an urban, suburban, republican2 形容词后缀-ant, -ent distant, important, excellent考研英语基础词汇7-ar similar, popular, regular-ary military, voluntary-ic ical, p

26、olitic, systematic, historic, physical-ine masculine, feminine, marine-ing moving, touching, daring-ish foolish, bookish, selfish-ive active, impressive, decisive-ory satisfactory, compulsory-il, -ile, -eel fragile, genteel-ish boyish, childish-esque picturesque-like manlike, childlike-ly manly, fat

27、herly, scholarly, motherly-some troublesome, handsome表示“相象,类似”的含义-y milky, pasty-ful beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful-ous dangerous, generous, courageous, various表示“充分的”含义 -ent violent-en wooden, golden, woolen-ous gaseous表示由某种物质形成,制成或生产的含义-fic scientific-ern eastern, western表示方向的含义 -ward dow

28、nward, forward-ble double, trebleple triple表示“倍数”的含义 -fold twofold, tenfold-teen thirteen-ty fifty表示“数量关系”的含义 -th fourth, fiftieth-an Roman, European-ese Chinese表示国籍,语种,宗教的含义 -ish English, Spanish-er greater-ish reddish, yellowish-est highest表示“比较程度”的含义-most foremost, topmost表示否定 -less countless, st

29、ainless, wireless表示“做成,变成,化-ize, ise modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize3 动词后缀表示“使 -en quicken, weaken, soften, harden考研英语基础词汇8成为,引起,使有表示“使化, 使成-fy beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify表示“使,令”-ish finish, abolish, diminish, establish表示“成为,处理,作用”-ate separate, operate, indicate-ly possibly, swiftly, simply-ward, -wards downward, inwards, upward-ways always, sideways4 副词后缀-wise otherwise, clockwise

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