1、咸宁学院外国语学院 2011 毕业大补考英语阅读 1试卷第 1 页 共 12 页咸宁学院外国语学院 2011 毕业大补考英语阅读 1试卷请将答案填在答题纸上I. CAREFUL READINGRead the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answer and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points, 2 points each)Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following pass
2、age.A head track coach, Bill Bowerman, designed a pair of lighter shoes with better support and greater strength and sent the design to leading sporting-goods companies. They all turned him down.The rejections brought Bowerman face to face with his own philosophy of“competitive response.”He had taug
3、ht his sportsmen to value competition not so much for its prizes as for its intellectual and spiritual satisfaction. This was true of his determination to make the shoes himself.He made his first pair of track shoes light and graceful. His runners won in his hand-made shoes. But who would like to ma
4、nufacture such shoes?In 1962, Knight, one of Bowermans sportsmen, offered to travel to Japan and called on one of Japans best manufacturers of sports shoes. The manufacturer promised to produce shoes of his design and Knights company would be their only distributor in the U.S. A year later, a shipme
5、nt of 200 Bowerman shoes arrived in Oregon.At first, Knight and Bowerman worked with a small team and went selling out of cars at track meets. But slowly, the running world got to know the secret of their product.Then in 1972, the Japanese company cut off all supplies to their company and establishe
6、d a separate distribution network in the U.S. In 30 days Knight succeeded in finding a new manufacturer. And today the company takes the largest share in the shoe business. You ask me the brand name of the shoes? Its Nike, named after the Greek Goddess of Victory.Bowerman, Knight and the Nike team h
7、ave a firm belief that a shared responsibility requires outstanding individual performance and a willingness to contribute that performance to the group.1. The new track shoes designed by Bowerman _.A. helped develop his teams athletic skillsB. helped improve his runners performanceC. opened up the
8、Japanese sports shoes market咸宁学院外国语学院 2011 毕业大补考英语阅读 1试卷第 2 页 共 12 页D. opened up the American sports shoes market2. Bowermans response to competition is related to sportsmens _.A. team spirit B. spiritual needsC. material rewards D. prize winning3. According to the passage, Bowerman shoes were first
9、 sold by _.A. the shoe manufacturer in JapanB. Knight, Bowerman and their teamC. a leading sporting-goods company in JapanD. a leading sporting-goods company in America4. The difficulty Knight ran into in 1972 arose from _.A. the rejection of the shoe designB. the quality problem of the shoesC. the
10、competition from other companiesD. the Japanese companys new decision5. The success of the Nike team lies in _.A. the manufacturers philosophyB. the fashionable design of the shoesC. their cooperation with a foreign companyD. their individual performance and teamworkPassage 2Questions 6 to 10 are ba
11、sed on the following passage.Seventeenth-century houses in colonial North America were simple structures that were primarily functional, carrying over traditional designs that went back to the Middle Ages. During the first half of the eighteenth century, however, houses began to show a new elegance.
12、 As wealth increased, more and more colonists built fine houses.Since architecture was not yet a specialized profession in the colonies, the design of buildings was left to carpenters who undertook to interpret architectural manuals imported from England. There are an astonishing number of these han
13、dbooks for builders in colonial libraries, and the houses erected during the eighteenth century show their influence. Most domestic architecture of the first three-quarters of the eighteenth century displayed a wide range of taste and freedom of application of the rules laid down in these books.Incr
14、easing wealth throughout the colonies resulted in houses of improved design, whether the material was wood, stone or brick. New England still favored wood, though brick houses became 咸宁学院外国语学院 2011 毕业大补考英语阅读 1试卷第 3 页 共 12 页common in Boston and other towns, where the danger of fire forced people to u
15、se more durable material. A few houses in New England were built of stone, but only in Pennsylvania and its neighboring areas was stone widely used in dwellings. An increased use of bricks is noticeable inVirginia and Maryland, but wood remained the most popular material even in houses built by weal
16、thy landowners. In the Carolinas, even in the crowded town of Charleston, wooden houses were much more common than brick houses.Eighteenth-century houses showed great interior improvements over their predecessors. Windows were made larger and shutters removed. Large, clear panes replaced the gray gl
17、ass of the seventeenth century. Doorways were larger and more decorative. Fireplaces became decorative features of rooms. Walls were sometimes elaborately decorated. White paint began to take the place of blue, yellow, green and gray colors, which had been popular for walls in the earlier years. Aft
18、er about 1730, advertisements for wallpaper styles in scenic patterns began to appear in colonial newspapers.6. The passage mainly discusses _.A. the improved design of the 18th century colonial housesB. the role of carpenters in building the 18th century housesC. the varieties of decorations used i
19、n the 18th century housesD. a comparison of the 18th century houses and modern houses7. Those responsible for designing houses in the 18th century North America were _.A. customers B. carpentersC. interior decorators D. professional architects8. Stones were commonly used to build houses in _.A. Virg
20、inia B. Boston C. Charleston D. Pennsylvania9. The word“predecessors”(para. 4) refers to _.A. colonists in the 17th centuryB. wooden houses in CharlestonC. houses before the 18th centuryD. interior improvements in houses10. It can be inferred from the 4th paragraph that before 1730 _.A. patterned wa
21、llpaper was not widely usedB. pattemed wallpaper was not used in stone housesC. wallpaper samples could be found in libraries咸宁学院外国语学院 2011 毕业大补考英语阅读 1试卷第 4 页 共 12 页D. wallpaper was the same color as the wall paints Passage 3 Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.The universities fro
22、m which todays universities are descendents were founded in the Middle Ages. They were established either by corporations of students wanting to learn, as in Italy, or by teachers wanting to teach, as in France. Corporations that had special legal or customary privileges for the purpose of carrying
23、out the intentions of the incorporators were common in those days. The university corporations of the Middle Ages at the height of their power were notresponsible to anybody, and could not be punished by any authorities. They claimed, and made good their claim, complete independence of all religious
24、 and nonreligious control. The American university was, however, at first a corporation formed by a religious group or by the state for the purposes of the group.The American university in the seventeenth century was much closer to the American university today than to the university in the Middle A
25、ges. The Puritan communities needed ministers and professional men and so they established universities to provide them. Later, religious groups built universities in order to extend their own influence. For example, the University of Chicago was founded by devout (虔诚的) Baptists to combat the rising
26、 tide of Methodism in the Middle West and Shakers in the East. The president and the trustees of the University were required to have the proper religious relations in order to keep the University on the right path. Fortunately, the combination of John D, Rockefeller, William Rainey Harper, and the
27、enlightened wing of the Baptist Church preserved the university from too narrow an interpretation of its purpose.11. French universities in the Middle Ages were founded by _.A. the government B. groups of scholarsC. the Catholic Church D. students wanting to learn12. Puritans set up universities pri
28、marily for the purpose of _.A. training school teachersB. influencing the governmentC. providing ministers and professionalsD. supplying professionals for corporations13. The University of Chicago was established by _.A. Shakers B. Puritans 咸宁学院外国语学院 2011 毕业大补考英语阅读 1试卷第 5 页 共 12 页C. Methodists D. Ba
29、ptists14. The writer mentions John D. Rockefeller and William Rainey Harper to show that _.A. they were important founders of the universityB. they were extremely faithful in their religious beliefsC. they broadened the original goal of the universityD. they stuck to the founding principles of the u
30、niversity15. Early universities in the U.S. were founded mostly for _.A. economic reasons B. political reasonsC. religious purposes D. academic purposesPassage 4Questions 16 to 20 are based on the foliowing passage.If you are looking for an explanation of why we dont get tough with criminals, you ne
31、ed only look at the numbers. Each year almost a third of the households in America are victims of violence or theft. This amounts to more than 41 million crimes, many more than we are able to punish. There are also too many criminals. We dont have room for any more!The painful fact is that the more
32、crime there is, the less we are able to punish it. We think that punishment prevents crime, but it just might be the other way around. When there is so much crime it is simply impossible to deal with it or punish it. This is the situation we find ourselves in today: the gradual increase in the crimi
33、nal population has made it more difficult to get into prison. Some of the most exclusive prisons now require about five serious crimes before a criminal is accepted.These features show that it makes little sense to blame the police or judges for being soft on criminals. There is not much else they c
34、an do. The police cant find most criminals and those they do find are difficult and costly to convict. Those convicted cant all be sent to prison. The public demands that we do everything we can against crime. The practical reality is that there is very little the police, courts or prisons can do ab
35、out the crime problem.We could, of course, get tough with the people we already have in prison and keep them locked up for longer periods of time. Yet when measured against the lower crime rates this would probably produce, longer prison sentences are not worth the cost to states and local governmen
36、ts. Besides, those states that have tried to gain voters approval for building new prisons often discover that the public is unwilling to pay for prison constructions. And if it were willing to pay,long prison sentences may not be effective in reducing crime.More time spent in prison is also more ex
37、pensive. The best estimates are that it costs an 咸宁学院外国语学院 2011 毕业大补考英语阅读 1试卷第 6 页 共 12 页average of $13,000 to keep a person in prison for one year. If we had a place to keep the 124,000 released prisoners, it would have cost us $1.6 billion to prevent 15,000 crimes. This works out to more than $100
38、,000 per crime prevented. But there is more. With the average cost of prison construction running around $50,000 per bed, it would cost more than $6 billion to build the necessary cells. The first-year operating cost would be $150,000 per crime prevented, worth it ifthe victim were you or me, but mu
39、ch too expensive to be feasible as a national policy.Faced with the reality of the numbers, I will not be so foolish as to suggest a solution to the crime problem. My contribution to the public debate begins and ends with this simple observation: getting tough with criminals is not the answer.16. By
40、 saying“it just might be the other way around”(para. 2), the writer means _.A. severe punishment lowers crime ratesB. soft measures lead to the rise of crime ratesC. easy policies are more effective than strict onesD. the increase in crime makes punishment difficult17. It is wrong to blame the polic
41、e or judges for not being hard on criminals partly because _.A. trials are expensive B. criminals are very dangerousC. the police force is weak D. the public fill to support the court18. The cost for constructing prisons is _.A. $13,000 per bed B. $50,000 per bedC. $100,000 per bed D. $150,000 per b
42、ed19. The writer of the passage bases his argument mainly upon _.A. statistical evidence B. public opinionsC. criminal psychology D. personal experience20. The tone of the passage isA. playful B. serious C. satirical D. angryII. SPEED READINGSkim or scan the following passages, and then decide on th
43、e best answer and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 1 point each)Passage 5Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Joyce Carol Oates published her first collection of short stories, By the North Gate, in 1963, 咸宁学院外国语学院 2011 毕业大补考英语阅读 1试卷第 7 页 共 12 页two yea
44、rs after she had received her masters degree from the University of Wisconsin and became an instructor of English at the University of Detroit. Her productivity since then has been tremendous, accumulating in less than two decades up to nearly thirty titles, including novels, collections of short st
45、ories and verse, plays, and literary criticism. In the meantime, she has continued to teach, moving in 1967 from the University of Detroit to the University of Windsor in Ontario, and in 1978, to Princeton University. Reviewers have admired her enormous energy, but they also find such a large body o
46、f writing very amazing.In a period characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by authors such as John Barth, Donald Barthelme, and Thomas Pynchon, Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in her insistence on depicting the world as it is. Hers is a
47、 world of violence, insanity, fractured love, and hopeless loneliness. Although some of it appears to come from her personal observations, her dreams and her fears, much more is clearly from the experiences of others. Her first novel, With Shuddering Fall (1964), dealt with stock ear racing, though
48、she had never seen a race. In Them (1964) she focused on Detroit from the Depression through the riots of 1967, drawing much of her material from the deep impression made on her by the problems of one of her students. Whatever the source is and however shocking the events or the motivations are, her
49、 fictional world nonetheless remains strikingly related to that real one reflected in the daily newspapers, the television news, talk shows and the popular magazines of our day.21. The passage is mainly an introduction to Oatess _.A. career B. childhoodC. By the North Gate D. contemporary writers22. The passage tells us th
