1、 英语文学史分时期总结作家作品贝奥武夫 : the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic 史诗 : long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated. e.g. Homers Iliad and OdysseyArtistic features: 1. Using alliteration 头韵 Definition of a
2、lliteration: （定义）a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound 2. Using metaphor 暗喻 and understatement 明抑暗扬的低调陈述 Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideasGeo
3、ffery Chaucer 杰弗里乔叟 13401400(首创“双韵体” ，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“ 英国诗歌之父”。代表作坎特伯雷故事集 。)The father of English poetry.writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. 坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use heroic couplet(双韵体) by middle English特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 声誉之宫Medieval Ages popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)Famou
4、s three： King Arthur 亚瑟王Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 高文爵士和绿衣骑士Beowulf 贝奥武甫The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance:文艺复兴（定义） the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and lea
5、rning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Three historical events of the Renaissance rebirth or revival:1. new discoveries in geography and astrology2. the religious reformation and economic expansion
6、3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists: Christopher Marlowe 马洛William Shakespeare 莎士比亚1. Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙 斯宾塞 15521599（后人称之为“ 诗人的诗人 ”。 ） The poets poet. The first to be buried in the Poets corner of Westerminster Abbey 仙后(for Queen Elizabeth)The theme is not “A
7、rms and the man”, but something more romantic “Fierce wars and faithfull loves”.Artistic features:1. Using Spenserian StanzaDefinition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic hexameter. 牧人日历The theme is to lament over the loss
8、of Rosalind. 爱情小唱2. Thomasl More 托马斯莫尔 14781535One of the greatest English humanists乌托邦 n3. Francisl Bacon 弗兰西斯培根 15611626（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。 ）Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.nWriting style:brevity, com
9、pactness Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIIIFour Comedies: 皆大欢喜; 第十二夜; 仲夏夜之梦; 威尼斯商人Four Tragedies: 哈姆莱特; 奥赛罗; 李尔王; 麦克白Shakespeare Sonnet :154 Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefggA sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a def
10、inition rhyme scheme.英国文学史资料 British Writers and Works 2The 17th Century1. John Milton 约翰弥尔顿 16081674（诗人、政论家;失明后写 失乐园 、 复乐园 、 力士参孙 。 ）Epics: 失乐园 n复乐园Dramatic poem: 力士参孙 论出版自由 n为英国人民声辩 我的失明 This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet.Its theme is
11、 that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best.2. John Bunyan 约翰班扬 16281688（代表作天路历程 ，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书” ，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的神曲 、奥古斯丁的忏悔录并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。 ）Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人)Religionary Allegory: The Pilgrims Progress天路历程3. John Donne 约翰邓恩the Metap
12、hysical poet(玄学派诗人).Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗)：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, (形式 )the form is frequently an argument with the poets beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought）Artistic features:1. conceits or imagery 奇思妙喻2. syllogism 三段论 Meditations 沉思录
13、The Flea 虱子 Songs And SonnetsHoly SonnetsValediction:英国文学史资料 British Writers and Works 3The 18th CenturyA revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感) and accuracyThe Age of Enlightenment/Reason: 启蒙/理性时期 the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of t
14、he 15th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason(rationality), equality Samuel Taylor Coleridge 科勒律治; Robert Southey 骚塞1. William Wordsworth 威廉华兹华斯 17701850（与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派” 诗人。 The Lake Poets） 抒情歌谣集(with Samuel Taylor Coleridge) 我孤独得似一朵流云Theme: 1. Nature embodies human beings
15、 in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that give him “strength and knowledge full of peace”2. It is bliss to recolled the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude.Comment: 评述 The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the re
16、ader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙) and poets philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts. Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey The Solitary Reaper 孤独的割麦女 序曲2. Samuel Taylor Coleridge 塞缪尔 泰勒科尔律治 17721834The Lake Poets 古舟子颂 柯里斯塔贝尔 忽必烈汗Artistic features: mystic
17、ism, demonism with strong imagination, a strange territory 半夜冰霜 忧郁颂 抒情歌谣集(with William Wordsworth)3. George Gordon Byron 乔治 戈登拜伦 17881824（拜伦式英雄 Byronic heroes 孤傲、狂热、浪漫，却充满了反抗精神。内心充满了孤独与苦闷，却又蔑视群小。恰尔德哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个“拜伦式英雄”。）“Byronic hero”拜伦式英雄 is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin, against
18、tyrannical rules or moral principles. 唐璜恰尔德哈罗德尔游记该隐 当初我们俩分别 她走在美的光影里4. Persy Bysshe Shelley 波西比希 雪莱 17921822 Poetic Drama：解放了的普罗米修斯Theme: the drama celebraies mans victory over tyranny and oppression 麦布女王伊斯兰的反叛钦契一家诗辩无神论的必要性 Lyrics: 西风颂Theme: 主题 The author express his eagerness to enjoy the boundless
19、 freedom from the reality. Compare the west wind to destroyer of the old who drives the last signs of life from the trees, and preserver of the new who scatter the seads shich sill come to life in the spring. This is a poem about renewal, about the wind blowing life back into dead things, implying n
20、ot just an arc of life (which would end at death) but a cycle, which only starts again when something dies.Comment: 评述 Percy Bysshe Shelleys “Ode to the West Wind“ is written in iambic pentameter. It contains five sonnet length stanzas, each with a closing couplet. The rhyming scheme form is aba bcb
21、 cdc ded ee. The tone is poignant. Many will agree that this poem is an invocation for an unseen force to take control and revive life.Artistic features:Using rerza rima(三行诗 aba bcb cdc ded efe )致云雀5. Johnl Keats 约翰济慈 17951821 (“美即是真，真即是美”是他的著名诗句。) Four great odes: 希腊古瓮颂夜莺颂心灵颂忧郁颂 秋颂Theme: The theme
22、of John Keats poem, “To Autumn“, is that change is both natural and beautiful. The poem praises the glories of the fall season by using almost every type of imagery to both charm and appeal to the reader.Comment: The speaker in the poem acknowledges that time passes by, but also asserts that this ch
23、ange usually yields something new and better than what came before. Each of the poems three stanzas represents the evolving of two different types of change. One type of change shown in the poem is the change of periods in a day.6. Jane Austen 简奥斯丁 17751817She compared her works to a fine engraving
24、upon a literary piece of ivory only inches squire. 理智与感情傲慢与偏见( chapter I)【Elizabeth Bennet novels of character and environment） Novels 德伯家的苔丝Theme:experience is as to intensity, and not as to duration 无名的裘德 绿荫下 远离尘嚣 卡斯特桥市长 还乡 PoemsWessex Poems And Other VersesPoems Of The Past And PresentThe Dynasts
25、 列国英国文学史资料 British Writers and Works 619001950 The 20th CenturyPlaywrights 剧作家 Oscar Wilde 奥斯卡 George Bernard Shaw 萧伯纳1. Oscar Wilde 奥斯卡王尔德 18561900 （The Aesthetic Movement: Art for Arts Sake） 4 Comedies:认真的重要 温德米尔夫人的扇子 一个无足轻重的女人理想的丈夫 Novel:多利安格雷的画像 Fairy Stories:童话故事快乐王子故事集2. George Bernard Shaw 乔治
26、 伯纳萧 18561950(英国杰出的批判现实主义剧作家）critical realistic dramatist Plays Plays Unpleasant 华伦夫人的职业鳏夫的房产 Plays Pleasant 武器与人左右命运的人Plays 人与超人匹格玛利翁苹果车圣女贞德英国文学史资料 British Writers and Works 7Modernists 现代主义作家 3 Novelists James Joyce David Herbert Lawrence Virgirnia Woolf1. David Herbert Lawrence 戴维赫伯特劳伦斯 18851930
27、儿子与情人(autobiographical)【Mrs. Morel】, daughter of a middle-class family, is “a woman of character and refinement“, a strong-willed, intelligent and ambitious woman who is fascinated by a warm, vigorous and sensuous coal miner, Walter Morel, and married beneath her own class.Then, she was desponded at
28、 her husband and put her love to her sons. She hopes that they will become outstanding【Paul Morel】depends heavily on his mothers love and help to make sense of the world around him. He struggle to free from his mothers influence, but he failed. After his mother has died and he is left alone, in desp
29、air.Theme:Lawrence was one of the first novelists to introduce themes of psychology into his works. He believed that the healthy way of the individuals psychological development lay in the primacy of the life implulse, or in another term, the sexual impulse.huaman sexuality was, to Lawrence, a symbo
30、l of life force.by presenting the psychological experience of indivudual human life and of human relationships, Lawrence has opened up a wide new territory to the novel Oedipus Complex is a thematic feature of D. H. Lawrences Sons and Lovers虹恋爱中的女人 查特莱夫人的情人2. Jamesl Joyce 詹姆斯乔伊斯 18821941（爱尔兰小说家，意识流小
31、说的代表人物）stream-of-consciousness尤利西斯(S_O_C)一个青年艺术家的肖像芬尼根的苏醒都柏林人3. Virginia Woolf 弗吉尼娅沃尔芙 18821941（意识流小说的代表人物）stream-of-consciousness Novels 达洛维夫人到灯塔去浪雅各布的房间奥兰朵幕间 2 Poets W. B. Yeats (William Butler Yeats ) T.S. Eliot ( Thomas Sterns Eliot )1.William Butlerl Yeats 威廉勃特勒叶茨 18651939（爱尔兰诗人，剧作家； The Irish nationalist movement 爱尔兰独立运动； The Irish Literary Revival 爱尔兰文艺复兴； The Irish Literary Theater, or the Abbey Theater 爱尔兰民族剧团） collections 苇风责任 塔旋转的楼梯 Poems 复活节，1916第二次来临 /再世 到拜占庭航行2. Thomas Sterns Eliot（诗人，剧作家，批评家） Poems 四个四重奏 Plays 大教堂谋杀案
