1、河南省师范大学附属中学 2018 届高三 10 月月考英语试题第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、 B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项。ATravis is the manager of G&G where he is responsible for forty employees and profits of over $2 million per year. Hes never late to work. He does not get upset on the job. When one
2、of his employees started crying after a customer screamed at her, Travis took her away. “Your working uniform is your shelter,” he told her. Nothing anyone says will ever hurt you. You will always be as strong as you want to be.”Travis picked up that lecture in one of his G&G training courses, an ed
3、ucation program that began on his first day and continues throughout an employees occupation. The training has, Travis says, changed his life. G&G has taught him how to live, how to focus, how to get to work on time, and how to master his emotions. Most importantly, it taught him willpower.At the ce
4、nter of that education is an extreme focus on an all-important habit: willpower. Dozens of cases show that willpower is the single most important habit for a persons success.And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit. “Sometimes it looks like people with great self-control a
5、rent working hardbut thats because theyve made it automatic,” Angela Duckworth, one of the University of Pennsylvania researchers said. “Their willpower occurs without them having to think about it.”The company spent millions of dollars developing programs of study to train employees on self-control
6、. Managers wrote workbooks that serve as guides to how to make willpower a habit in workers lives. Those courses are, in part, why G&G has grown from a sleepy company into a large one with more than seventeen thousand stores and profits of more than $10 billion a year.1. We loam from Paragraph 2 tha
7、t employees in G&G must _.A. attend education programsB. learn to give lecturesC. design a working uniformD. develop a common hobby2. Willpower will become a habit when employees can _.A. focus on the profitsB. control their feeling wellC. protect themselves wellD. benefit from the job3. What can we
8、 infer from the passage?A. G&G has grown into a large company.B. G&G will spend half its profits training employees.C. G&G may become more successful in the future.D. G&G has to produce more workbooks for managers.【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C【解析】文章介绍 G&G 公司的成功秘诀是让职员参加一个教育课程，从而获得自控力，使意志力成为习惯。1. A 细节题：根据第二段的第一句
9、话： Travis picked up that lecture in one of his G&G training courses, an education program that began on his first day and continues throughout an employees occupation.可知 G&G 公司的雇员从第一天就要开始上这个教育课程，而且是贯穿整个的工作，所以他们必须参加教育课程，所以选A。2. B 细节题：根据第四段的第二个句子：“Sometimes it looks like people with great self-control
10、 arent working hardbut thats because theyve made it automatic,“有自控的人不要很努力就可以获得意志力，因为它们已经是自动的了，可知当职员能够控制他们的感情的时候，意志力就成为了习惯，所以选 B。3. C推理题：根据文章最后一段的最后一句话：Those courses arc, in part, why G&G has grown from a sleepy company into a large one with more than seventeen thousand stores and profits of more tha
11、n $10 billion a year.可知 G&G 公司花了很多精力来训练职员的自控力，并一直发展很快，所以可以推断出以后会更加成功的，所以选 C。BForget Cyclists, Pedestrians are Real DangerWe are having a debate about this topic. Here are some letters from our readers.Yes, many cyclists behave dangerously. Many drivers are disrespectful of cyclists. But pedestrians
12、are probably the worse offenders.People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone, quite unaware of what is going on around them. They may even do the same thing while crossing a road at a pedestrian crossing or elsewhere. The rest of us have to evade
13、(避让) them or just stand still to wait for the unavoidable collision.The real problem is that some pedestrians seem to be, at least for the moment, in worlds of their own that are, to them, much more important than the welfare of others.Michael HoranI love the letter from Bob Brooks about cyclists (V
14、iewpoints, May 29). I am afraid they seem to think they own the roads.I was walking across Altrincham Road one morning when a cyclist went round me and on being asked what he was doing he shouted at me.The government built a cycle lane on the road but it is hardly used.The police do nothing. What a
15、laugh they are!The cyclists should all have to be made to use the cycle lanes and wear helmets, fluorescent (发荧光的) jackets and lights at night and in the morning they should pay some sort of tax and be fined for not wearing them.Carol HarveyCyclists jump on and off pavements (which are meant for ped
16、estrians), ride at speed along the pavements, and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red.I was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right next to him.Other road users, including horse riders, manage to
17、 obey the rules so why not cyclists?Its about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be traced and there might be an opportunity to claim.JMLWrite to Viewpoints of the newspaper.4. Michael Horan wrote the let
18、ter mainly to show that _.A. drivers should be polite to cyclistsB. road accidents can actually be avoidedC. some pedestrians are a threat to road safetyD. walking while using phones hurts one s eyes5. Carol Harvey suggests that cyclists should _.A. be provided with enough roadsB. be made to pay les
19、s tax for cyclingC. be asked to ride on their own lanesD. be fined for laughing at policemen6. What is a complaint of JML?A. Very few drivers are insured.B. Cyclists ride fast on pavements.C. Pedestrians go through red traffic lights.D. Horse riders disrespect other road users.7. The underlined word
20、 “they” in the third letter refers to _.A. accidents B. vehiclesC. pedestrians D. cyclists【答案】4. C 5. C 6. B 7. D【解析】本文围绕一个主题展开一场争论谁才是马路安全隐患的威胁。4. C 考查细节理解。根据第一封信第一段中的“But pedestrians are probably the worse offenders“可知,Michael Horan 认为步行者可能是更大的交通隐患。故答案为 C。6. B 考查细节理解。根据第三封信第一段的内容可知,JML 认为骑自行车的人在人行道
21、上快速骑车,并且任意闯交通信号灯。故选 B。7. D 考查代词指代。根据第三封信最后一段的内容可知,JML 认为骑自行车的人应该注册登记,以便在发生交通事故时追究责任,故 they 指代前面提到的 “cyclists“。可知答案为 D。CLondons newest skyscraper (摩天大楼）is called the Shard and it cost about 430 million pounds to build. At a height of almost 310 metres, it is the tallest building in Europe. The Shard
22、has completely changed the appearance of London. However, not everyone thinks that it is a change for the better.The Shard was designed by the famous Italian architect Renzo Piano. When he began designing the Shard for London, Piano wanted a very tall building that looked like a spire (尖顶). He wante
23、d the glass surfaces to reflect the sky and the city. The sides of the building arent regular. So the building has an unusual shape. It looks like a very thin, sharp piece of broken glass. And that is how the building got the name: the Shard. Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a
24、 great London tradition. The shape reminds him of the spires of the churches of London or the tall masts (桅杆) of the ships that were once on the river Thames.The Shard has 87 floors. At the top, there is an observatory. At the moment the building is empty, but eventually there will be a five-star ho
25、tel. There will also be top quality restaurants, apartments and offices.Before building work began, a lot of people didnt want the Shard though the plans were approved. Now they are still unhappy about the Shard. Some critics say that such a tall skyscraper might be good in a city like New York, but
26、 not in London. They say that the best thing about the Shard is its spire shape. But that is the only thing. There is no decoration, only flat surfaces. The Egyptians did that 4,500 years ago. They also think the Shard is too big for London. It destroys the beauty of the city.Other critics dont like
27、 what the Shard seems to represent. They say that the Shard shows how London is becoming more unequal. Only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel. But the people who live near the Shard are among the poorest in London. So the Shard seems a symbol o
28、f the division in society between the very rich and the poor.The Shard now dominates the London skyline. It is not certain, however, that ordinary London citizens will ever accept it as a valuable addition to the city.8. Londons newest skyscraper is called the Shard because of_.A. its cost B. its si
29、zeC. its height D. its shape9. When he designed the Shard, Piano wanted it to_.A. change Londons skyline B. inherit Londons traditionC. imitate the Egyptian style D. attract potential visitors10. The critics who refer to social division think the Shard_.A. is only preferred by the rich B. is intende
30、d for wealthy peopleC. is far away from the poor area D. is popular only with Londoners11. Which would be the best title for the passage?A. The Shard: Cheers and Claps B. The Shard: Work of a Great ArchitectC. The Shard: A Change for the Better? D. The Shard: New Symbol of London?【答案】8. D 9. B 10. B
31、 11. C【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的议论文。文章讲述了伦敦新建了欧洲最高的被称之为“the Shard”的摩天大楼，成为了伦敦的新标志，然而对此却有不同的观点，尤其是对新的摩天大楼代表的阶层更是有络绎不绝的批评之声。8. D 考查细节理解。根据文章第二段 “He wanted the glass surfaces to reflect the sky and the city. The sides of the building arent regular. So the building has an unusual shape”可知正是因为它的外形新的摩天大楼才被称作为“the Shar
32、d”.故 D 正确。9. B 考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a great London tradition ”可知 Piano 希望摩天大楼更多承载的是伦敦的传统，故 B 正确。10. B 考查细节理解。根据文章第五段“Only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel. So the Shard seems a symbol of the di
33、vision in society between the very rich and the poor.”可知批评者认为它只是代表了有钱的富人，也成为了穷人与富人的区分和界限，故 B 正确。11. C 考查文章标题。根据文章第一段“However, not everyone thinks that it is a change for the better ”可知文章是在探究与阐述对新的摩天大楼所带来的变化究竟是怎样的，故利用这样的话题作为标题很鲜明直接，故 C 正确。DEl Nino, a Spanish term for “the Christ child”, was named by
34、South American fisherman who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Nino sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westward
35、s weaken, or sometimes the other way round.The weather effects both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Nino, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Nino in 1997-98 helped Americans economy grow by 15 billion, partly because of better agricu
36、ltural harvests: farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought (干旱) in south-east Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains br
37、ought about by El Nino may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disastersThe most recent powerful Nino, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such Ninos come with months of warning, and so m
38、uch is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards This is despite evidence
39、that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施) can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers ( 下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages
40、are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Ninos harmful effectsand the poorer the country, the stronger tiie link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities
41、 to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.12. What can we learn about El Ni
42、no in Paragraph 1?A. It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.B. It takes place almost every year all over the world.C. It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.D. It is named after a South American fisherman.13. What may El Ninos bring about to the countries affect
43、ed?A. Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.B. Droughts become more harmful than floods.C. Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.D. Rich countries gains are greater than their losses.14. The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest thatA. victims of El Nino deserve more com
44、pensationB. governments of poor countries need more aidC. more investment should go to risk reductionD. recovery and reconstruction should come first15. What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?A. To introduce El Nino and its origin.B. To explain the consequences of El Nino.C. To show ways
45、 of fighting against El Nino.D. To urge people to prepare for El Nino.【答案】12. A 13. D 14. C 15. D【解析】本文介绍了厄尔尼诺现象，并讲述了该现象给世界各国带来的影响虽然富裕国家从厄尔尼诺现象中获得的远比他们失去的多，但它却给一些贫穷的国家带来了灾难，并使他们遭受了极大的损失；因此，呼吁人们要事先为厄尔尼诺做准备，要把减少人们的损失当作首要的任务12. A 细节理解题 根据第一段 “El Nifio sees warm water，collected over several years in the
46、 western Pacific，or sometimes the other way round当风通常向西，或有时则向相反的方向减弱时，厄尔尼诺就会看到在西太平洋聚集了多年的温水回流到东部”的内容可知，此处表达了它看到了海洋水流方向的变化；故选 A。13. D 细节理解题 该题的题干是：厄尔尼诺现象给各个国家可能带来的影响是什么？第二段中的“Rich countries gain more from powerful Nifio，on balance，than they lose 总的来说，富裕国家从强大的厄尔尼诺中获得的远比他们失去的多 ”与 C“Rich countriesgains
47、are greater than their losses富裕国家的收益大于他们的损失 ”表达的意思相同；故选 D。14. C 推理判断题该题的题干是：第四段中，由 ODI 提供的数据表明了什么？根据第四段 “According to（ODI），however，just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance，rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards在过去的二十年中，只有 12%的救灾资金事先用于减
48、少风险，而不是用于之后的恢复与重建”表达的意思可知， “Amore investment should go to risk reduction 更多的投资应该用于减少风险 ”符合文中的意思；故选 C。15. D 主旨大意题该题的题干是：作者的写作意图是什么？根据最后一句“Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino，reducing their losses needs to be the priority由于最贫穷的人根本不可能从与厄尔尼诺相关的
49、灾难中弥补他们的损失，因此首要的任务是减少他们的损失” ，可知“DTo urge people to prepare for El Nino 呼吁人们为厄尔尼诺做准备”正是本文的主旨思想；故选 D。第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白出的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。A garden thats just right for youHave you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? _16_. But it doesnt happen by accident. It
