1、初三英语 Uuit 6 知识点一、重点单词用法1. prefer 动词 更喜欢 宁愿prefer sth. 更喜欢某事 I prefer English. 我更喜欢英语。prefer doing/ to do 宁愿做某事 I prefer sitting/ to sit.我宁愿坐着。prefer sth to sth. 同 相比更喜欢 eg:I prefer dogs to cats. 与猫相比我更喜欢狗。prefer doing A to doing B=prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿 A 某事而不愿做 B 事eg:I prefer walking to
2、 sitting. 我宁愿走路也不愿坐着。2. remind sb. of sb./sth. 提醒 使记起.eg:This song reminds him of his mother. 这首歌使他记起了他的妈妈。remind sb to do 提醒某人做某事eg:Please remind me to post the letter on the why to school请提醒我在上学的路上把信寄了3. fisherman 渔夫 复数形式 fishermen 4. photography n. 摄影 photograph n. 照片 相片 photographer n. 摄影师5.be i
3、nterested in=have interest in=sth interest sb 对。 。感兴趣6. on display 展览=on show7.whatever=no matter what 不管什么Whenever=no matter when 不管什么时候However=no matter how 不论怎样Wherever=no matter where 不论哪里8.energy n. 活力 energetic adj. 有活力的9.to be honest 老实说 如： Eg:To be honest I really like flowers. 老实说我真的很喜欢花。10
4、.expect to do 期待做某事 expect sb to do 期待某人做某事11. be bad for sth. 对有坏处的 be good for 对。 。有好处be bad for doing sth. 做有坏处12. stay away from 远离 如：Eg:Stay away from me , I have a cold. 请远离我，我得了感冒13. be in agreement 意见一致 常与介词 on /about 连用如：Eg:They are in agreement on that question. 他们对那个问题意见一致。Agree with sb o
5、n /about sth 就某事同意某人的意见14.increase by 增加了 increase to 增加到The population has increased by 300,000人口以增加了 30 万The population has increased to one billion.人口以增加到了十亿15.mainly adv. 主要地 首要地 main adj. 主要的16. along with 伴随 同 一道I will go along with you. 我同你一道去。I sing along with music. 我伴随着音乐唱歌。17. dance to st
6、h. 随着跳舞 She likes dancing to the music. 她喜欢随着音乐而跳舞。18. different kinds of 各种各样 different kinds of clothes 各种各样的衣服19. music n. 音乐 musician n. 音乐家 musical 20. take to 带 去. 如：Eg:My father often takes me to the park. 我的爸爸经常带我去公园。Eg:Please take this box to my office. 请拿这个盒子到我的办公室。21. clear adj. 清楚的，清澈的 c
7、learly adv. 清楚地 22. be important to sb. 对重要be important for sb. to do. 做某事对某人很重要23. unfortunately adv. 不幸运地 fortunately adv. 幸运地24. look for 寻找 Eg: My pen is lost. Could you help me look for it? 我的笔丢了。你能帮我找一下吗？25. though = although 作连词 虽然，尽管 放在句子中间/句首，不能和 but 连用Eg:Though it was very late, he went on
8、 working. 虽然很晚了，但他还在工作Mr. Smith , though he was young, did it very well.史密斯先生虽然年轻，却做得很好。26. fun n. 有趣 funny adj. 有趣的27. be sure to do 一定做某事 肯定做某事 如：It is sure to snow. 肯定要下雪Be sure not to forget it. 千万不要忘记呀!28.known adj. 有名的 著名的 know v. 知道 认识Be known as 作为。 。而被知晓LiuHuan is known as a singer 刘欢作为一名歌手
9、而被知晓Be known for 因为。 。而被知晓China is known for Great wall 中国以长城而闻名30. over the years 很多年来，常与现在完成时连用如：Over the years, theyve planted many trees on the hills. 多年来他们已在山上种植了许多树。31. most of 的大多数32. keep healthy 保持健康33. get together 聚在一起34. discuss v. 讨论 discussion n. 讨论 35. for example 例如二、语法知识被动语态一. 被动语态1
10、. “语态”表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语中有“两态”的说法，即主动语态和被动语态，本单元中反复出现的 should be allowed 就是一个含有情态动词（should）的被动语态。先看几个基本概念主语是动作的发出者为主动语态主语是动作的接受者为被动语态只有及物动词才有被动语态。2. 被动语态的构成The office is cleaned every day . The office was cleaned yesterday. Compare active and passive：动作的接受者 the office 成了句子的主语，就应该用被动语态。从上面的例句我们可以总结：一般
11、现在时的被动语态为：主am / is / are （not）过去分词一般过去时的被动语态为：主was / were 过去分词如：Butter is made from milk. This house was built 100 years ago. 以前我们学过的 was / were born 生于，就是一个被动语态born 是个过去分词（bear）When were you born ? I was born in 1989. 如果要特别强调动作或行为的执行者，句子后面需接 by ，译为“被（由）”如：We were woken up by a loud noise .我们被嘈杂的声音吵
12、醒。（2） 从上面例子，我们可以看出，现在进行时被动语态的构成为主语is / am / are + being 过去分词再如：My car is being repaired now. Some new houses are being built near the park. 公园附近在建一些房子。（3）从上面例子，我们可以看出现在完成时被动语态的构成为主语have / has been 过去分词eg: My key has been stolen. My keys have been stolen. 含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词be过去分词A note had better be lef
13、t to him. Teenagers should be allowed to wear their own clothes这里我们列举了几个主要时态，那么其它时态呢？一般将来时 主语 will be 过去分词过去将来时 主语 would / should + be 过去分词过去进行时 主语 was / were + being 过去分词过去完成时 主语 had + been +过去分词被动语态的时态是由 be 的时态决定的， be 是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be 动词后面的过去分词不变。归纳：肯定句：主语be + 过去分词（by ）否定句：主语be not 过去分词（by ）一般疑问句
14、：Be 主语过去分词（by ）? 特殊疑问句：疑问词be主语过去分词（ by ）3. 被动语态的用法：（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，不用 by动作执行者短语Such books are written for children. 这些书是为儿童写的。I havent been told about it . 没有人告诉我这件事（2）强调动作的承受者，这时应用 by 短语。The cup was broken by David. （3）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型Its / was said / believed / reported / + that Its report
15、ed that about three hundred people were killed in this earthquake. 据报道，这次地震中大约有三百人死亡。4. 主动语态变为被动语态把主动语态的句子变为被动语态的方法是：（1）把原句中的宾语变为主语（2）动词改为被动形式，即 be+过去分词（3）原来的主语，如果需要的话，放在 by 后面，如果没必要，可省略。注意事项：主动语态变成被动语态应注意事项从主动语态到被动语态的过程中主语、谓语动词、宾语都发生变化。注意主格与宾格的变化形式。注意主语的人称及数的变化对 be 动词带来的影响。注意 be 动词的时态形式取决于原主动语态的动词时
16、态形式。5. 被动语态的几种类型（1）有两个宾语的句子的被动语态（直接宾语，间接宾语）常见的接双宾语的动词有 通常这种句子可以改为以“人”当主语；和以“物”当作主语的两种被动语态。如：He gave me a book. I was given a book by him. （以 I 做主语）A book was given to me by Tom. （以物 book 作主语）He teaches us English. We are taught English by him. （以人当主语）English is taught us by him. （以物作主语）（2）含有宾语补足语的句子
17、的被动语态keep, make 三类的动词常常有宾语补足语，在被动语态中，宾语补足语位置不变。We keep food fresh in the fridge. 主 谓 宾 宾补Food is kept fresh in the fridge. I saw him go into the office building. He was seen to go into the office building. 英语中有“十大动词”的说法，即feel , hear , listen , have , make , let , look , watch , see , notice ，这些词在主动句
18、中，其后的动词不定式不加 to，但变被动句时必须加to. （3）含有短语的主动语态变被动语态不及物动词没有宾语，因此没有被动语态。但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些词类构成短语动词之后，其作用相当于及物动词，可以接宾语，因而也可以变为被动语态。在变成被动语态时，不能去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词They take good care of my child. My child is taken good care of 他们把我的孩子照顾得很好。I turned off the radio. The radio was turned off （by me）附：动词短语的被动语态take ca
19、re of be taken care of cut down be cut down laugh at be laughed at look afterbe looked after下列这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式，不需再加bybe covered with 用 覆盖着be interested in 对感兴趣be surprised at 对感到惊奇be made of （from ）用制造的（4）由情态动词形成的被动语态含有情态动词的句子在变为被动语态时，在情态动词后面加上 be动词即可，其句型如下：肯定句：主语情态动词（can , may , must）+be+ 过去分词否定句：主语情态动词not + be + 过去分词疑问句：情态动词（Can , May , Must ）主语be过去分词. 如：We should allow teenagers to surf the Internet . Teenagers should be allowed to surf the Internet. Can you use it ? 你会使用它吗？Can it be used ?
