1、2013秋季 考研英语翻译 强化班,李 鹏 成都新东方学校,主讲: 新概念英语, 托福雅思词汇, 考研英语, 大学英语四级,专业英语四八级第二十届新东方科技教育集团 全国教师授课大赛国内项目组 (四六级, 专四专八, 考研, 词汇) 一等奖第一名新东方在线(Koolearn) 阅读、翻译、长难句讲师,Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture”, like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts
2、 of concrete research and understanding. -2003年, 65题,Concept is concept.,The anthropological concept is an abstract concept.,The anthropological concept of “culture” is an abstract concept.,The anthropological concept of “culture” is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concre
3、te research and understanding.,The anthropological concept of “culture”, like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.,Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture”, like the concept of “set” in mathemat
4、ics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding. -2003年, 65题,句子主干一共有几种 ?,高频主干六大类型:1. A be B2. There be3. It be4. A do5. A do B6. A do B C,1) A be B,Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an
5、abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding. -2003年, 65题,1) A be B,Main structure: concept is concept-2003年65题,2) There be,There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.
6、-2001年, 71题,2) There be,Therewill be shows, and cars -2001年, 71题,3) It be,In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories. -2007年, 49题,3) It be,it is difficult -2007年, 49题,4)
7、A do,Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. -2000年, 75题,4) A do,Main Structure: stresses may occur -2000年, 75题,5) A do B,Furthermore, humans
8、 have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. -2003年, 61题,Main structure: humans have ability -2003年, 61题,5) A do B,6) A do B C,The emphasis on data gathered first- hand, combined with a cross-cultural pe
9、rspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science. -2003年, 63题,6) A do B C,Main structure: emphasis makes study science. -2003年, 63题,1、词汇的翻译:,The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to
10、us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible. (2011年, 50题),Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture”, like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and und
11、erstanding. (2003年, 65题),But his primary task is not to think about moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a business man is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. (2006年, 49题),Allens contribution was to take an assumption we all share tha
12、t because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts and reveal its erroneous nature. (2011年, 46题),In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything a single generative equation for all we see. (2012年, 46题),2、短语的翻译:,1)“俚语化”的短语:,每个单词
13、都认识, 放在一起不知道什么意思. reflect on; shop floor; in store; root in, stem from, flow from; stick to, adhere to.,2)“比较结构”短语,比较结构多英式思维, 很难字面翻译, 熟记含义的前提下灵活运用.,(一) “more than“的常见用法:1) “不仅仅, 超过, 不同于“: e.g.1 They may teach very well and morethan earn their salaries.,2) “非常, 不止于“: e.g.2 I am more than willingly to
14、 go outwith you.,3) “并非, 不是“ e.g.3 The beauty of Chengdu is morethan words can describe.,(二) “not more than“与“no more than“: 1) “not more than“: 不超过, 少于等于 e.g.4 The farmer has not more than 20goats.,2) “no more than“: 只不过, 仅仅(等于) e.g.5 The farmer has no more than 20goats. e.g.6 After ten years hard
15、working,he remains no more than a clerk. 同义短语还有: nothing/little/never/hardlymore than,(三) “not less than“与“no less than“: 1) “not less than”: 不少于, 大于等于 e.g.7 The farmer has not less than 20goats.,2) “no less than“: 多达, 高达(等于) e.g.8 The farmer has no less than 20goats. e.g.9 No less than 50 percent o
16、f thepeople voted for the new presidentcandidate. 同义短语还有: nothing/little less than,(四) “more A than B“与“less A than B“: 1) “more A than B“: “与其说B, 不如说A“ e.g.10 He was more hurt than frightened.,2) “less A than B“: “与其说A, 不如说B“ e.g.11 He was less hurt than frightened.,(五) “rather than“: 1) 单纯的表否定, 等于
17、“and not“: e.g.12 The color seems green ratherthan blue.,2) 表示两种说法的正确程度, “A rather than B“ = “more A than B“ e.g.13 He lay rather than sat in hisarmchair.,3) 表示主观上的优选, “宁可., 也不.“ e.g.14 Rather than surrender, he wouldprefer to die.,(六) “A is not B any more than C is D“: “正如C不是D一样, A也不是B”:e.g.13 You
18、are not Romeo any more thanI am Juliet.,3、句子成分翻译方法,总的原则: “英语定语多后置, 汉语定语多前置” 最常见的两种后置定语的翻译方法:1) 介宾形式的后置定语;2) 非谓语动词形式的后置定语.,一、 后置定语的翻译：,1) 介宾形式的后置定语: 适用条件: 由多个介宾短语并列构成, 通常为了符合英文的行文习惯, 介宾短语表示的范围一般为由小到大. 解决方法: 按照汉语的行文习惯, 变换顺序为由大到小.,e.g.1 But the idea that the journalistmust understand the law moreprofou
19、ndly than an ordinarycitizen rests on an understanding(of the established conventionsand special responsibilities) (ofthe news media.) (2007年, 48题),e.g.2 In fact, it is difficult to see howjournalists who do not have a cleargrasp (of the basic features) (ofthe Canadian Constitution) can do acompeten
20、t job on political stories.(2007年, 49题),e.g.3 But his primary task is not to thinkabout the moral code, which governshis activity, any more than abusinessman is expected to dedicatehis energies to an exploration (ofrules) (of conduct) (in business).(2006年, 49题),2) 非谓语动词形式的长后置定语: 适用条件: 由非谓语构成的短语结构, 其
21、逻辑上的主语就是被修饰的名词性结构. 解决方法: 将其单独译为一个分句, doing表示主动/正在, done表示被动/完成,to do表示意愿/将来.,e.g.4 On the other hand, he did notaccept as well founded the charge(made by some of his critics) that,while he was a good observer, hehad no power of reasoning.(2008年, 48题),二、非谓语动词：总的原则： 必须知道的两件事情: 1) 逻辑主语是谁? 2) 过去分词什么意思?
22、现在分词什么意思? 不定式什么意思?,e.g.1 Coming from Iran, I have a keen interest in Middle Eastern culture.我来自伊朗, 对中东的文化有浓厚的兴趣.,e.g.2 Managed badly, email can be a wasteof valuable time. 电子邮件被管理不当, 会浪费我们的宝贵时间.,总体原则: ”长后短前” (和主句相比)较短 - 直译为前置定语, 加”的”;较长 - 译为并列分句, 重复先行词或用代词替代.,三、定语从句的翻译：,e.g.1 It is the book which in
23、terets me.这是一本我感兴趣(的)书. e.g.2 But Miggles laugh, which was veryinfectious, broke the silence.但是米格尔富有感染力的笑声打破了沉静.,e.g. 3 They are striving for the idealwhich is close to the heart ofevery Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese havelaid down their lives.,他们正在为实现一个“理想“而努力, “这个理想“是每个中国人所珍惜的, 在
24、过去, 许多中国人曾为“这个理想“牺牲了自己的生命. (重复先行词”这个理想”),e.g.4 I told the story to John, who toldit to his brother later.我把这个故事告诉了约翰, 约翰(他)随后告诉了他的弟弟.(重复先行词约翰或用代词“他”替代),e.g.5 Scientists in that country are now supplied with necessary books, equipment and assistant that will ensure success in their scientific researc
25、h.,总体原则: “即”,四、同位语从句的翻译:,e.g.1 My grandfather was obviously wrongin his opinion that a womans place was in the home. 我祖父在他的一个观点(即所谓女人的位置在家里)上, 是明显错误的.,e.g.2 He expressed the hope that he could visit our city again.他表达了一个希望, 即他可以再次访问我们的城市.,e.g.3 Yet, from the beginning, the factthat I was alive was i
26、gnored.然而, 从开始, 一个事实(即我仍然活着)就被忽略了.,总体原则:普通宾语从句-“顺译”;形式宾语从句-“逆译”.,五、 宾语从句的翻译,e.g.1 They believe that they will surelywin the game.他们相信他们肯定会赢得这场比赛.,e.g.2 I dont know how he swam acrossthe river.我不知道他是怎么游过那条河的. e.g.3 I dont know that he swam acrossthe river.我不知道他游过那条河了.,e.g.4 He would remind people aga
27、in that it was decided not only by himself butby lots of others.他再三提醒大家, 这件事并不只是由他一个人决定, 还由其他许多人一起决定.,e.g.5 I made it clear to them that theymust hand in their papers before 10 oclock in the morning.他们必须在上午十点之前提交论文, 我把这件事情向他们讲得很清楚.,e.g.6 I regard it as an honor that I amchosen to attend the meeting.
28、我被选中参加会议, 我把这件事情当成一种荣誉.,e.g.7 We consider it absolutely necessarythat we should open our door to theoutside world. 我们应该对外部世界敞开我们的大门, 我们认为这件事情是绝对必要的.,总体原则: “顺译”,六、表语从句的翻译：,e.g.1 Time factor is what we have to take into consideration.时间因素是我们不得不考虑的.,e.g.2 The question which worries everyone today is ho
29、w longwill these fuels last.今天每个人都担心的问题是: 这些燃料将能用多久.,e.g.3 This is because the direct currentflows in a wire always in one direction.这是因为直流电在导线中总沿着一个方向流动.,e.g.4 This is what we have discussed today.这就是今天我们讨论的内容.,e.g.5 This is where I disagree with you.这就是我不同意你的地方.,总的原则: 普通主语从句-“顺译”;形式主语从句-“逆译”,七、主语从
30、句的翻译,e.g.1 That the earth turns around the sunis known to all of us. 地球绕着太阳转(这件事情), 是我们每个人都知道的.,e.g.2 When we will start tomorrow is notdecided yet.我们明天几点出发(这件事), 还没决定.,e.g.3 How many people died from theearthquake that year will never be known.那年在地震里死了多少人(这件事情),将永远不会被知道.,e.g.4 It is quite obvious t
31、hat he wastotally misunderstood.他被完全误解了, 这是很明显的.,总体原则:“顺译、逆译均可”,八、状语从句的翻译:,e.g.1 When the storm had passed, we continued our way.暴风雨过后, 我们继续赶路.,e.g.2 The students stood up before theteacher had come in.在老师进来之前, 学生们就站起来了.,总体原则: “分清主、被动者”“泛指性主语”,九、被动语态的翻译:,e.g.1 The minister was found to haveappropria
32、ted government money.部长被发现挪用公款.(人们发现部长挪用公款.),e.g.2 He was praised by his teacher.他被老师表扬了.(老师表扬了他.),e.g.3 Problems should be resolved ingood time.问题应及时被解决.(我们应该及时解决问题.),e.g.4 Water can be changed from a liquidinto a solid.水能被从液体变成固体.(我们可以把水从液体变成固体.),e.g.5 Heat and light can be given off by this chemi
33、cal change.热和光能够被这个化学反应放出.(这个化学反应能放出热和光.),e.g.6 Communication satellites havealready been used for livingtransmission in our country.在我国通讯卫星已经被用于实况直播.(在我国人们已经把通讯卫星用于实况直播.),e.g.8 Measurements have been takento prevent the epidemic from spreading.措施已经被采取来防止流行病的蔓延.(人们已经采取措施防止流行病的蔓延.),e.g.9 Printing was
34、 introduced into Europefrom China.印刷术被从中国介绍到了欧洲.(人们把印刷术从中国介绍到了欧洲.),十、形式主语的翻译:,总体原则: “先真后假”,e.g.1 It is no exaggeration to say she isthe best mother in the world.说她是世上最好的母亲, 这是不夸张的.,e.g.2 It goes without saying that thesewaves travel at the speed of light.这些波以光速传播, 这是不言自明的。,e.g.3 It was rather hard t
35、o bring up thechild on her own.靠她自己抚养孩子, 这十分不容易.,e.g.4 It seemed inconceivable that thepilot could have survived the crash.驾驶员在飞机坠毁之后竟然还活着, 这看起来难以置信.,e.g.5 It was incorrectly believed thatcurrent flowed from positive tonegative.电流由正极向负极流动, 这件事情被错误的相信.,考研英语 翻译真题练习,e.g.1 2004年, 64题 Being interested in
36、 the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.,e.g.2 2012年, 50题 Chomskys grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it, whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations.,
