1、高考英语语法突破电子教材 主讲：李健 欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材 Unit 1 Part One 词汇在高考中的复习方法 1、听力，将音形直接对应起来。 例子： a.同学们对于 what s your name?这个问句的四步反应 b.文盲及上学前对于语言的掌握 2、单选，主要以语法为主，词汇起辅助作用但是需注意连词、代词、情态动词。 3、完形填空，要特别注意单词的辨析以及根据上下文推断的能力。 4、阅读，要大量掌握单词，反复的背诵，但是重点是形义相连，至少将所有单词混个脸熟。 例子：有些人一天 1000个单词的背诵量。 5、改错，注意名词、代词、连词、介词。 6、作文，保证拼写正确，尤其是避
2、开艰涩的单词。 语法在高考中的复习方法 1、 听力，语法方面没有什么难度，掌握基本语法即可。 2、 单选：重点注意几种语法现象：时态、语态、从句、这几个语法现象是几乎每年都考到的。 3、 完形填空：以单词考察为主，语法处于辅助地位，通过语法填写的空只占很少一部分。 4、 阅读：关键在于对复杂句的掌握，尤其是各种从句，对于阅读的掌握非常重要。 5、 改错：时态是重点，尤其是过去时及现在时。 6、 作文：选择简单语法，确保正确表达，如果写不了一个好看的句子，就写一个正确的句子。 Part Two 高考流程图 Part Three 单词记忆法 1.逻辑记忆：通过词的本身的内部逻辑关系，词与词之间的外
3、部逻辑关系记忆单词。 把几个字母看作做一个来记 如： “ight“ light, right, fight, night, might, sight, tight 2 联想记忆： 1)音与形的联想，即根据读音规则记忆单词。 2)形与义的联想，如： eye 把两个 e看成两个眼。 banana 把 a看成一个个的香蕉。bird 把 b 和 d看成两个翅膀。 3)象声词，联想实际的声音，如： gong 锣 coo 咕咕声。 3.构词记忆：利用构词法，通过分析词根、前缀、后缀、派生和合成等记忆单词。 例：【 clud 词根为关闭系列词汇串记】 exclude include preclude con
4、clude exclude vt. 拒绝；排斥 n. exclusion adj. exclusive 【助记】 ex(向外 )+clude(close 关 ) include vt. 包括；包含 n.inclusion adj. inclusive 【助记】 in(向内 )+clude(close 关 ) 4.分类记忆：把单词进行分门类 如：动物，植物等，进行分类记忆。 5.比较记忆： 1)英汉比较 如： mama, cigar, beer, bar, fee等。 2)单复数的比较 如： good-goods, spirit-spirits wood-woods 3)同音词的比较 如： ri
5、ght-write, eye-I 4)词的阴阳性的比较 如： actor-actress host-hostess 6.理解记忆：通过正确理解单词的本义、引申义和比喻义等如： second 是“秒”，它来源于古代的六分法，分，秒，它是二次划分， 因此 second 也是“第二”，进一步引申，还可理解为“辅助”用这种方法特别适合那些一词多义的词。 7.联系记忆：记忆单词最好不要孤立地记，尽可能地和有关的东西联系来记。 1)联系所学的文章大概意义，联系上下文 2)联系短语和搭配 Part Four 一、名词的考察重点及演练 可数名词 It is often said that _teachers
6、have _very easy life.(2005 北京 ) A. 不填，不填 B.不填 ,a C. the,不填 D. the, a 不可数名词 1.In_review of 44 students, American researchers found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cut the risk of _heart disease by 76 %.(2006湖南 ) A. a, the B. the, a C .a, 不填 D.不填 ,a 2._terrible weather weve been having
7、these days!(1992) A. How, a B. what, a C. How D. What 二、冠词的考察重点及演练 不定冠词 1. 泛指某一类人或者事物的时候 2. 用于某些固定词组中 例题： Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? Sorry, wrong number. There isnt _Mr. Smith here.(2006) A.不填 B. a C. the D. one 定冠词 1.用于说话双方都了解的人或者事物之前，表示特指。 2.在形容词最高级前，或者某些固定词组以及习惯用法之前。 1.According to _World
8、 Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent _spread of AIDS.(2006陕西 ). A. the,不填 B. the, the C. a. a D.不填 ,the 2.I know _John Lennon, but no t_ famous one.(2005 山东 ) A.不填， a B. a, the C.不填 ,the D. the, a 零冠词 1.表示泛指的不可数名词和复数名词之前用冠词 2.在用于泛指时间，表示三餐、球类或棋类运动、学科的名词以及表示季
9、节、年份、等时间名词之前不用冠词。 3.在某些固定词组，习惯用语中，名词前不用冠词。 1.I know you dont like _music very much. But what do you think of _music in the film we saw yesterday?(2006) A. 不填 ,不填 B. the ,the C. the, 不填 D. 不填 ,the 2.the sign reads” In case of_ fire, bread the glass and push_ red button.” A. 不填 ,a B. 不填 ,the C. the ,
10、the D. a, a 3.the warmth of _sweater will of course be determined by the sort of_ wool used(2001) A. the ,the B. the , 不填 C. 不填 ,the D. 不填 ,不填 Unit 2 Part One 代词的基本用法 Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard. Why _?John is sitting there doing nothing.(2003) A. him B. he C. I D. me 人称代词 it 的特
11、殊用途 1.指代事物或者人 I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.(2004) A this B that C it Done 2.充当形式主语 _is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.(2006 浙江 ) A. As B. That C. This D. It is 3.充当形式宾语 As the busiest woman in Norton, she ma
12、de_ her duty to look after all the other people s affairs in that town.(2006 湖南 ) A this B that C one D it 4.用于“强调句型” It is what you do rather than what you say_ matters.(2005天津 ) A that. B. what C. which D. this 指示代词的基本用法 1.通常用 that或 those 指代前面提及的事物，而下文将要提到的事物则用 this 或者these来指代 He was nearly drowne
13、d once. When was _? _ was in 1998 when he was in middle school. A that, It B this, This C this, It D that, This 2.指示代词 that, those, one, ones 作替代词的用法 hat 和 those必须有后置定语 that 和 one 的区别 (1)that只能替代物， one 即可替代物和可替代人 (2)that 必须有后置定语，而 one 不一定 I prefer a flat in Inverness to _in Perth, because I want to
14、live near my Moms.(2005天津 ) A. one B. that C. it D. this 不定代词的基本用法 1.all,each,every all 三个或三个以上的所有 each 两个或两个以上的每一个，强调个体 every 三个或三个以上的每一个，强调全体 I had to buy_ these books because I didn t know which one was the best.(2004上海 ) A. both B. none C. neither D. all 2.no one, nothing, none They were all ver
15、y tired, but_ of them would stop to take a rest(1995) A. any B. some C. none D. neither 3.both,neither,either 1)If you can t decide which of the two books to borrow, why don t you take_? I won t read them this week.(2006 浙江 ) A. all B. any C. either D. both 4. some any Don t worry if you can t come
16、to _party, I ll save_ cake for you.(2006浙江 ) A. the ,some B. a much C. the any D. a little 5.other,others,another Both sides have accused of breaking the contract _.(2006上海春 ) A. another B. the other C. neither D. each 第二节其他类型的代词的用法简介 1.名词性物主代词 Is your camera like Bills and Anns No, but its almost t
17、he same as _(1994) A. her B. yours C. them D. their 2.反身代词 Who called me this morning when I was not? A man calling_ Robert.(2006 福建 ) A. his B. himself C. his D.不填 3.疑问代词 Why! I have nothing to confess._ you want me to say ?(2004上海 ) A. What is it that B. What it is that C. How is it that D. How it
18、 is that Part Two 一、时态概述 态 时 一般 进行： be+Ving 完成 Have/has+Ved 现在 一般现在时 work(works) 现在进行时 am,is,are+working 现在完成时 have,has worked 过去 一般过去时 worked 过去进行时 was,were+working 过去完成时 had worked 将来 一般将来时 will(shall)work 将来进行时 will(shall)+be+working 将来完成时 Will(shall) have worked 过去 将来 过去将来时 would(should)work 例题：
19、 1） Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _the Pacific, and we met no storms.(2005辽宁 ) A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called 2)Your job _open for your return. Thanks .(2006北京 ) A. will be kept B. will keep C. had kept D. had been kept 3)Since
20、I won the big prize ,my telephone hasn t stopped ringing .People _to ask how I am going to spend the money.(2005 湖南 ) A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning 4)The country life he was used to _greatly since 1992。 (2005山东 ) A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed 5)John, a
21、friend of mine ,who got married only last week , spent $3,000 more than he _for the wedding .(2006) A. will plan B. has planned C. would plan D. had planned 二、时态综述及特殊用法 一、常用一般现在时的情况： 1.以 Here或 There 开头的句子，说明正在发生的动作，谓语动词不用现在进行时，而用一般现在时。如： Here comes the bus! There goes the bell! 2.既定的时间如生日、日历、课时安排、交通
22、时刻表等，通常用一般现在时表示将来动作。如： The meeting starts at five oclock. The train leaves at three this afternoon. 3.在 see to it， make sure， make certain， be sure， look out， take care 等之后的从句要用一般现在（过去、现在完成）时代替一般将来（过去将来、将来完成）时。如： You must make sure the door is closed before you leave the lab. See to it that everythi
23、ng is OK. 4.在宾语从句中，表示客观事实或真理，一律用一般现在时。如： The teacher taught us yesterday that the moon circles the earth. Somebody told me that you are a writer. 5.在由 as soon as， when， before， after， till 等引导的时间状语从句和由 if，unless， as long as， in case等引导的条件状语从句或在方式、让步状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时，但主句用一般将来时。如： If you come this af
24、ternoon， Well have a meeting. When you meet him， tell him to come to my place. 二、常用一般过去时的情况： 1.表示说话人始料未及的事情，用一般过去时。如： Oh! I didnt know you were in Shanghai. How long have you been there? 2.在 wish， would rather的宾语从句中和在 as if引导的状语从句中，以及在 It is time that的定语从句中，谓语动词用一般过去时说明现在的事情。如： Its time you had a ho
25、liday. He looks as if he were young. 3.用表示意愿及精神状态的动词，反映的是说话者探询的态度时，动词用一般过去时表示一般现在时，显得更加有礼貌。如： I didnt know you were here.（我不知道你在这里， were 实际上指现在） I wondered if you could help me. 4.在含有 hardly/scarcelywhen， no soonerthan结构的句子中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。（注意：主句一般倒装）如： Hardly had I entered the room， when I heard
26、 a loud noise. No sooner had he reached the door than he came back. 三、常用现在进行时的情况： 1.若句中带有 always， all the time， forever， constantly 等词或短语，用进行时表示一个频繁发生的动作，表示说话人赞赏或厌恶等感情。如： You are always forgetting the important things. He is constantly leaving his things behind. 2.某些词，如 come， go， leave， arrive， star
27、t等可用现在进行时表示将来。 He is leaving tomorrow. The visitors are arriving in a few minutes. 四、常用过去进行时的情况： 1.表示故事发生的背景。如： One day Jones was walking along the street. It was snowing as they made their way to the front. 2.与 always， forever， constantly， continually， frequently 等词连用，表示过去经常发生的行为，往往带有感情色彩。如： My bro
28、ther was always losing his key. They were frequently quarrelling. 五、常用现在完成时的情况： 1.被 the first time， a few times， again and again等表示次数或重复的状语修饰时，句中常用现在完成时。如： This is the third time we have made improvements in that equipment. 2.定语从句的先行词是最高级形式或被最高级形容词修饰时，句中常用现在完成时。如： Scientists have found almost all me
29、tals are good conductors， the best of which is silver. 3.在某些时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来完成的动作。如： Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework. If it has stoppted snowing in the morning， well go to the park. 六、常用过去完成时的情况： 1.某些动词的过去完成时表示原先计划或打算做而没做的事情。常见的动词有 mean，plan， think， suppose， want， inten
30、d等。如： We had hoped that you would be able to visit us. I had intended to make a cake， but I ran out of time. 2.在条件状语从句中以及 which 或 Id rather 后的宾语从句中，常用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。如： If you only had worked with great care! I would rather you had told her the truth. 七、常用一般将来时的情况： 1.表示一种倾向、固有特性或说话人推测的意见。如： I th
31、ink it will rain tomorrow. Birds will build nests. 2.在某些条件状语从句、时间状语从句中。如： We shall go unless it rains. Hell help you if you ask him. 说明：有时用 be about to+动词原形或 be to +动词原形或 be going to +动词原形表示将来时。如： The meeting is going to start at nine. Tell her she is not to be back late. The film is about to begin.
32、 Part Three 一、插入隔离型 有时一个本来很简单的句子，由于表达的需 要，在其中置入一个插入成分，或将某些成分从正 常位置调入一个在同学们看来属“非正常”的位置并 造成理解困难。 1.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,_, of course, made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. this D. what 2.“Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons,_ to go to un
33、iversity.” “So do I.” A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped 3.He told me the news_, believe it or not, he had earned $1 000 in a single day. A. that B. which C. as D. because 二、词性误用 英语和汉语不仅在遣词造句、句型搭配、习惯 用法等方面有很大的差别，就是在词性方面也有很 大的差别，并且这种差别有时会使同学们稍不小心 就酿成错误 1.A _ road goes _ from one place to another. A.
34、 straight, straight B. straightly, straightly C. straight, straightly D. straightly, straight 2.Dont_; no one will hurt you. A. afraid B. frighten C. fear D. nervous 3.He treated all the people around him, _he knew or he didnt know,_. A. if, friendly B. whether, friendly C. if, in a friendly way D.
35、whether, in a friendly way lonely(孤独的 )， costly(高价的，昂贵的 )， lively(有 生气的，生动的 )， lovely(可爱的，美丽的，愉快 的 )， orderly (整齐的，守规则的 ) 三、词义误解型 有许多题，因为其中有个别词（尤其是其中的 关键词）的词义很容易误解，或是同学们对这类词 理解不准，在运用时其词义在脑海中模棱两可，从 而导致做题失误。 1.These _ much alike that I cant tell which is which. A. twin looks B. twins look C. twin look
36、 D. twins looks 2.If you want to sell your product you must _ it A. advertise B. advertise for C. advertise on D. advertise to 3.There are five pairs, but Im at a loss which _ to buy. A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing 四、规则硬套型 所谓“规则硬套”，即指不从语言实际出 发，不考虑特定的语言环境，而是机械地套 用语法规则，
37、生搬硬套语法的条条框框，那 就难免出错了 1.“ Is there_ here?” “ No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.” A. anybody B. everybody C. somebody D. nobody 2.“Is there _ here?” “Yes, Im upstairs. Please come and help me.” A. anybody B. everybody C. somebody D. nobody 3.He was sentenced to death _what he had stolen from the ba
38、nk. A. that B. since C. because D. because of 4.She is quite a different girl _ she was five years ago. A. from B. to C. than D. with 五、结构误配型 有许多试题，从表面上看是甲结构，而 实际是乙结构；或者命题人考查的是甲结 构，而应试者却将其误认为是乙结构；或者 从选项来看是甲结构，而题干考查的实际上 是乙结构等等。对于这类问题，若不仔细识 别，则很容易出错 1.Use an umbrella to _ you from the rain. A. stop B.
39、 prevent C. keep D. protect 2. He was in great need of money, so he _ $5,000 for his car. A. paid B. took C. cost D. spent 六、借用倒装型 有时由于同学们对句子的倒装结构不熟悉或者 某些句子处于表达的需要而借用了倒装结构而造成 误解 1._ loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him. A. So B. Very C. Too D. Much 2.Hard _ he stu
40、dies, he cannot pass the examination. A. when B. how C. as D. while 七、母语干扰型 由于母语在大脑中根深蒂固，所以常常 会对外语学习者大脑中尚不牢固的外语知识 产生负面影响 1.They own two cars, not to _ a motorbike. A. speak B. say C. talk D. mention He was impolite, not to say rude 2.I think he is _ to win, but Im not sure. A. possible B. likely C.
41、impossible D. certain 八、思维定势型 有时它会误导同学们对于一些比较特殊 的句子或语言现象 ,想当然地套用已形成的思 维定势，从而得出错误的结论。 1.She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned 2. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. A. to per
42、suade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded 九、知识死角型 所谓知识死角，即指某些知识点，同学们平时 没有引起足够重视，或一知半解，或“一窍不通”， 从而导致做题出错 1.“Im going to the post office.” “_ youre there, can you get me some stamps?” A. As B. While C. Because D. If 2.At the meeting, we discussed _ we should employ more workers. A. if B.
43、whether C. that D.不填 3.The building must be saved, _ the cost. A. what B. which C. whatever D. Whichever 4.The boy likes football _, but doesnt like basketball_. A. much, much B. much, very much C. very much, much D. very much, very Unit 3 Part One 一、数词 数词的几个特殊使用之处： 1、 一般情况下数词为单数，但是在以下特殊情况中可以使用复述形式：
44、 1） hundred thousand million 之前没有数词或其它限定词，并且之后有“ of +名词”的形式时。 Hundreds of soldiers 2）在一些介词词组中的固定用法 We arrived in twos and threes. 3）表示人的年龄 He is in his thirties 2、表示数量的 dozen n.一打 , score n. 二十个 可以视为基数词使用 I want a dozen pencils, please. 3、“数词 +名词”或者“数词 +名词 +ed”（中间有连字符），可以组成一个复合形容词，其中的名词应该使用单数。 There
45、 is a four-legged table. A two-year-old girl 例题： 1. She went to the bookstore and bought _. 2006北京 A dozen books B dozens books C dozen of books D dozen of books 2. It took us quite a long time to get here. It was _ journey. 2005 北京 A three hour B a three hour C a three-hour D three-hours 二、形容词 1.形容
46、词做定语 修饰顺序：限定词 +主观描绘性形容词 +表示大小、长短、形状、颜色、新旧的形容词+地点形容词 +材料形容词或名词 +被修饰词 This _girl is Linda s cousin.(2005北京 ) A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish 2.作宾语补足语 John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes_(1992) A. open b. to be opened
47、 C. to open . D. opening 3.表示“激起情绪”和“感到情绪”的形容词 表示“激起情绪”的形容词 Interesting surprising exciting satisfying/unsatisfying boring tiring/tiresome pleasant comfortable fearful joyful doubtful 表示“感到情绪”的形容词 Interested surprised excited satisfied/unsatisfied bored tired pleased comfortable fearful joyful doubt
48、ful 1)Tom sounds very much_ in the job ,bur I m not sure whether he can manage it.(2006安徽 ) A. interested B. interesting C. interestingly D. interestedly 2)A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left_.(2006天津 ) A. unsatisfied B. unsatisfying C. to be unsatisfying D. being unsatisfied 三、副词 1.做状语 There was such a long queue
