1、,Miss Pan,Grandparents more responsible for grandchildren,Generational differences and the economy are shifting more responsibilities for children from their parents to grandparents, according to a new survey. More than one-third of grandparents aged 50 and older contribute financially to their gran
2、dchildrens upbringing, and 11 percent have a grandchild living with them, the poll by AARP, the lobbying group for 36 million older US citizens, showed. Forty percent of people who responded to the telephone survey, whose average age was 69, reported spending more than $500 on grandchildren over the
3、 past year beyond traditional gifts. Education costs accounted for 53 percent, daily expenses for 37 percent and medical and dental costs for 23 percent.,阅读理解解题策略指导,阅读理解解题步骤,Reading Tips,略读题干Skimming,通读全文Scanning,研读攻关Close-reading,检查验证Check-up,推理判断题,主旨大意题,六大策略,事实细节题,猜测词义题,篇章结构题,意图态度题,2011考试说明：阅读 要求学
4、生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。 考生应能：（5）理解文章的基本结构和文脉逻辑关系；,(6) Which of the following best fits into paragraph 8?(7) What may be talked about before the first paragraph?,cause:a reason for doing or feeling something fact:a true piece of information theory:an idea or set of ide
5、as that is intended to explain facts or eventsexample: someone or something that is mentioned to help explain what you are saying or to show that a general statement is true comparison:the act of looking at things to see how they are similar or different,Reading Comprehension,篇章结构题,朗声教育教学测评研究中心,Warm
6、ing Up,文章的开头,承接上文加以申述,转折,对全文的总结和结尾,起承转合,Warming Up,As an English proverb goes,indeed,However,In a word,Early to Rise,Exemplifying in Skills,记叙文,高考英语阅读理解常考查的体裁有四种，分别是_、 _、 _和_。 它们都分别有自己的起承转合。,说明文,议论文,夹叙夹议文,Exemplifying in Skills,记叙文的基本结构,记叙文一般先引入， 然后叙述事件经过， 最后给出结尾。 有些记叙文不作引入， 直接进入故事。 叙述一般是按时间顺序展开， 其手
7、法有两种：_和_。,顺叙 倒叙,Story presentation,Time clues,Inverted time clues,Ending,(surprising/ humourous way),In the course of working my way through school, I took many jobs I would rather forget. But none of these jobs was as dreadful as my job in an apple plant. The work was hard; the pay was poor; and, m
8、ost of all, the working conditions were terrible. First of all, the job made huge demands on my strength. For ten hours a night, I took boxes that rolled down a metal track and piled them onto a truck. Each box contained twelve heavy bottles of apple juice. I once figured out that I was lifting an a
9、verage of twelve tons of apple juice every night. I would not have minded the difficulty of the work so much if the pay had not been so poor. I was paid the lowest wage of that timetwo dollars an hour. Because of the low pay, I felt eager to get as much as possible. I usually worked twelve hours a n
10、ight but did not take home much more than $ 100 a week. But even more than the low pay, what made me unhappy was the working conditions. During work I was limited to two ten-minute breaks and an unpaid half hour for lunch. Most of my time was spent outside loading trucks with those heavy boxes in ne
11、ar-zero-degree temperatures. The steel floors of the trucks were like ice, which made my feet feel like stone. And after the production line shut down at night and most people left, I had to spend two hours alone cleaning the floor. I stayed on the job for five months, all the while hating the diffi
12、culty of the work, the poor money, and the conditions under which I worked. By the time I left, I was determined never to go back there again.,【例1】 How is the text organized？A. TopicArgumentExplanationB. OpinionDiscussionDescriptionC. Main ideaComparisonSupporting examplesD. IntroductionSupporting e
13、xamplesConclusion,本文为记叙文，记叙文一般结构为 “引入叙述结尾”。 把握文章的脉络， 我们不难看出第一段为引入， 作者说出对一家工厂的不良印象； 第二至四段叙述在工厂工作的过程， 同时也是作者对此工厂有极差印象的原因； 最后一段总结， 再次强调工厂的恶劣。 由此可见答案应该为D。,Exemplifying in Skills,说明文的基本结构,说明文会首先对说明的对象作总括介绍，然后通过_、 _、_ 等方式对对象作具体说明， 最后总结。,举例 对比 分类,Introduction,Description,Example,Comparison,Classification,C
14、onclusion,Find Which Direction Is South Do you have a good sense of direction? If not, please take with you a compass. But if you forget to take a compass, you can still find your way. Its never a good idea to imagine that the family member who was entrusted（委托）with the job of map-reading actually k
15、nows where the family is. You can tell by the slightly confused load on their faces that nothing on the ground seems to match the map. Never mind. The sun is shining and its still morning. If you dont know the exact time, you can still find out where south is, but youll need to be patient. Find a st
16、raight sick and put it in the ground in a place where you can mark its shadow. Try to position the stick as vertically（垂直）as you can. You can check this by making a simple plumb line （铅锤线）with a piece of string and weight. You havent got any string? OK, use a thread from your clothes with a button t
17、ied at the end to act as a weight. Mark the end of the shadow cast by the stick. Wait approximately half an hour and mark the end of the shadow again. Keep doing this until you have made several marks. The mark nearest the stick will represent the shortest shadow, which is cast at midday, when the s
18、un is highest in the sky and pointing to the exact south. Pick a point in the distance along the line between the shortest shadow and the stick. That point is south of where you are. Now you can turn the map, like you did before, and find which way you should be travelling.,【例2】The author presents t
19、his passage by _.A. telling an interesting storyB. describing an activity in a lively wayC. testing an idea by reasoningD. introducing a practical method,这属于一道篇章结构题。 present有 “展示、 展现” 的意思， 题干是问作者是如何展开文章的。 快速浏览文章， 可知第一、 二段是引出话题 (introduction)， 下文是列出如何判断南方的各个步骤。 故选D。,Exemplifying in Skills,议论文的基本结构,语文
20、中的 “提出问题分析问题解决问题” 结构同样适用于英文议论文。英文议论文通常先提出_，然后列出_，例如事实、 实例、 理论等等， 最后得出_。,论点 论据 结论,Topic,Arguments,Supporting facts,Examples,Theories,Conclusion,Para1: We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically. Para2: Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one levelPara
21、3: On another level,diet products have greater psychological effets. Para4: The danger of diet produts lies not only in the psychological effect.,but also in the physical harm that they cause.Para5: Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us, it is time fo serously think abou
22、t them.,Central point,Point 1,Point2,Conclusion,Sp1,Sp2,【例3】Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?,第一段开门见山提出论点； 第二、 三段讨论减肥产品对消费者的心理影响， 两段各谈心理影响的一个方面； 第四段叙述减肥产品对消费者的生理危害； 最后一段归纳总结， 提出要消除错误认识， 树立正确观念。 弄清每段的大意后， 我们不难得出答案B。,Exemplifying in Skills,夹叙夹议文的基本结构,顾名思义，夹叙夹议文通常会边叙述边议论。 文章开头_
23、，在中间不时_， 最后得出_来表达作者的意见、建议或论述的意义。,导入故事 插入论述 结论,Story presentation,Conclusion,Opinion,Advice,Significance,Para1: So why do womens clothes button from the left?Para2: History really seems to matter here. Para3: Actually, a standard, once set, resists change. Besides, some women might have found it soci
24、ally awkward to appear in public wearing shirts that buttoned from the right, since anyone who noticed that would believe they were wearing mens shirts.,（2010重庆）,Causes,【例4】The passage is mainly developed by _.A. analyzing causesB. making comparisonsC. examining differencesD. following the time orde
25、r,第一段是个议论文段，作者在此提到一个现象男女衣服的标准相反；第二段叙述历史，由此分析这种现象产生的历史原因；最后一段回到议论，阐述现在女性服装标准维持不变的原因。弄清结构后，我们可以得出答案A。,doing,temptation,meet/face,to,it would make them socially awkward,to appear in public,但是，奇怪的是，针对女子所采用的标准与男子的相反。,Exemplifying in Skills,即时训练(P77-78),【练习1】The passage is organized in order of _.A. time
26、B. effectivenessC. importance D. complexity,本文为记叙文，结构为引入 (第一段) 事情经过 (第二四段) 结果 (第五段)。通读全文，不难发现这篇记叙文是按照时间顺序来叙述的。再阅读每段的内容，可以知道文章是按照作者与Goldie从相见、相处到Goldie离开的时间顺序来写的。故应选A。,Exemplifying in Skills,即时训练(P78),【练习2】The passage is developed mainly by _.A. showing the effect and then explaining the causesB. poi
27、nting out similarities and differencesC. describing the changes in space orderD. giving examples,本文为说明文，结构为引出话题 (第一段)具体说明 (第二三段)引出担忧 (第四段)。 第一段指出非洲大象对当地的生态环境有重要影响 (引出话题)，后面两段则列举产生这种影响的原因 (列举事实)就是非洲大象的生活本身；最后一段是补充说明如果非洲大象消失了会带来什么负面影响。,Summary,记叙文： 说明文： 议论文： 夹叙夹议：,Summary,What will probably be talked
28、about in the following paragraph? 2. Which of the following shows the organization/structure of the passage?3. The passage is mainly developed by_.,Find out the main idea of each paragraph.,The last sentence of the above paragraph introduces the topic of the next paragraph.,找出篇章或段落中表示展开方式的关键词， 如表示时间、方位、因果关系或对比的连接词。,A. “第三节 阅读专项训练” 中的 “阅读理解第六大策略专练： 篇章结构题”。 (P98-P99)B. “第四节 阅读综合训练” 中 “阅读综合训练1” 的阅读理解C篇。 (P112),Homework:,_ _,
