1、西门子燃气轮机介绍,Development of the SIEMENS GT-Efficiency,Siemens Vx4.3A Gas Turbine,Turbine,CombustionChamber,Compressor,24 Hybrid Burners,Total Experience500 units installed 80 units committed22 million hours,A Series Experience143 units (30 ordered) 2,315,287 hoursOctober 2004,Scaled VX4.3A Row 1 Turbin
2、e Vanes,Scaled Rotors (V94.3, V64.3),Siemens Gas Turbine Family VX4.3A (1996),Compressor15 stagesPressure ratio 16.9Mass flow 645 kg/sCDA-profiles with side-wall correction CombustorIntegrated annular combustorLining: air-cooled metallic heat shields or ceramic tiles24 hybrid burnersNOx 25 ppm (gas)
3、 Turbine4 stagesSingle crystal row 1&2 bladesCOC and TBC *) 4+3 vane and blade rows cooledRow 1&2 vanes and row 1 blade withfilm cooling RotorNo alterations,*) COC = Corrosion and Oxidation Coating, TBC = Thermal Barrier Coating,2001: TISO = 1230 C 398 MW / 58.4 %,Annular combustor,V94.3A Gas Turbin
4、e Design Features,1,2,8,7,6,5,4,3,(1) Generator coupling - At cold end drive(2) Casing Horizontally-Split (3) Rotor - Two bearings - Hollow shaft - Disks interlocked via Hirth serrations Disks axially fixed via Central tie bolt (4) Compressor - 15-Stage - Optimized flow distribution - Variable inlet
5、 guide vanes,(5) Combustion System - Annular chamber 24 Hybrid Burners Ceramic and metallic heat shields (6) Burners - Dry low-NOx technology Multiple fuels capability(7) Turbine - 4-Stage - Advanced cooling technology - Thermal barrier blade coatings - Film cooling of blade airfoils(8) Exhaust Axia
6、l,Siemens VX4.3A1) with Annular Combustor,Annular Combustor,1) A = Annular Combustor,Siemens Designation of Gas Turbines, Simple Cycle- and Unfired Combined Cycle- Power Plants,3_0_0_0_1 PG W81,For Example:,Annular combustion chamber Development state 3=3rd generation Compressor size -Compressor mas
7、s flow Rate -Power output Speed 9=50 Hz 8=60 Hz 6=90 Hz (Gearbox) Combustion machine (German: Verbrennungs-kraftmaschine),n CC 2.V94.3A n CC 2.W501F,Designation of gas turbine model No. of gas turbines per block (Mult-shaft arrangement, 1S=single-shaft arrangement) Combined cycle or SC: Simple cycle
8、No. of CC or SC blocks,V94.3A,Performance Data of 50 Hz Siemens Gas Turbines,Basic Rotor Designs,Rotor Design,Design features- Radial serration between all rotor parts (Hirth-Serration)- Central tie boltAdvantages- Safe torque transmission- Precise centering of all rotor parts,also with different ra
9、dial extensionof the parts- No disturbation of the rotational symmetry of the rotor, also with changing tie bolt force- Capabilty of on-site rotor disassembly and reassembly without the need of rebalancing- Simple generating and adjustmentof the tie bolt force with hydraulic loading equipment,Hirth-
10、Serration of a Compressor Disc,Hirth-Serration,Turbine Disc with Hirth Serrations,Air Flows inside the Rotor,V84.3A Compressor,Siemens Compressor Blade Evolution,V84.3,V84.3A,Row 1 Blades,V84.3A CDA blade of a rear stage with side-wall correction,NOx-Emission vs. Combustion Temperature & Residential
11、 Time,Air number l,NOx-Emission (ppm),Residential Time (ms),Lufttemperatur = 400 C,Residential times (ms): 1 Silo-combustor 150 2 Annular combustor 30 3 Can-combustor 15,Air temperature 400 C,1,2,3,Single Digit NOx Emission,The NOx-Emission depends on CT only (with a given residential time),Combusti
12、on Temperature (C),The Vx.yA Family with Annular Hybrid Burner Ring (HBR) Combustor,Comparison of Diffusion Burner and Premix Burner,Diffusion,Premix,Fuel gas,Pilot gas,Fuel gas,Air,Air,hot zone,Current Emission Status V94.3A,NOx Emissions are 25ppm at 100% base load.,HR3 - Hybrid Burner,Pilot oil s
13、upply,Pilot oil return,Diffusion gas supply,Premix gas supply,VX4.3A Annular Combustor,Siemens V94.3A Annular Combustor with Air Cooled Metallic Heat Shields,Inspection on burner side,Inspection on turbine side,Design of Combustion Chamber Wall,Cast steel casing lined with ceramic and metallic heat
14、shields,Individual heat shield can be exchanged during combustion chamber inspections by access through man holes.,Design Feature of V-Series: Annular Combustion Chamber with Ceramic Heatshields (CHS),V94.2A Combustor Hub Part,Siemens Combustor Development,V94.2,V94.3,V94.3A,2 Silo-Combustors 2x8 Hy
15、brid burners,2 Shortened Silo-Comb. 2x8 Hybrid Burners,1Annular Combustor 24 Hybrid Burners,Combustor Load 10 20 116 MWth/m3,Smaller and shorter combustor for reduction of cooling air consumption and residential time,Further Component Quality Improvement Combustion System,Improve design tools Improv
16、e total modelling (flow + combustion) Improve validation base Improve measuring technology Reduce NOx-Emission Improve cooling technology Improve dry premix combustion for liquid fuels Develop new combustion technologies (catalytic combustion?) Secure stable combustion Explore the combustion instabi
17、lity phenomenon Develop measures against combustion instabilities,V84.3A Turbine,Cooling Efficiencies of Various Blade Cooling Methods,Cooling Methods for Turbine Blades,Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC),Bondcoat,Blade,Impingement Insert,Cooling effects: A Impigement cooling B Enhanced convection coolin
18、g by turbilence generators C Internal heat transfer D Film cooling,Hot gas side,VX4.3A Stage 1 Vane and Blade,Great (German) engineering! Compare this !One gas turbine blade,10 Porsche Turbos, but the price of a blade - is only that of one Volkswagen Rabbit!,Delivers the power of:,V84.3A Row 1 Turbi
19、ne Vane,V84.3A Row 1 Turbine Blade,VX4.3A Turbine Design,cored row 4 blade oncooled without shroud,Single crystal row 1&2 blades,Film cooled row 1&2 vanes and row 1 blade,Advanced Turbine Blade Casting Technologies,Poly Crystal (PC),Directional Solidification (DS),Single Crystal (SC),Thermal Barrier
20、 Coatings,EB-PVD Thermal Barrier Coating,EB PVD = Electronic Beam Plasma Vapour Deposition,Pyrometric Temperature Measurement (V84.3A Shop Test),Coatings against Corrosion and Oxidation,Row 1 vane with corrosion attack,Corrosion and Oxidation Coatings,Further Component Quality Improvement Turbine,Im
21、prove design tools Improve validation base Improve measuring technology Improve cooling technology Improve casting technology Improve coating technology Improve refurbishing technoloy Improve high temperature materials Develop new high temperature materials (ceramics?) Develop a new material for lon
22、g final stage blades Optimize exhaust gas channel Reduce manufacturing costs Reduce maintenance costs,Siemens VX4.3A Turbine,Large 50 Hz Gas Turbines State of Development,* Quelle: Gas Turbine World 2000-2001 Handbook, Vol. 21,Gas turbines with more than 8 months of documented experience in commerci
23、al operation in the year 2003,Average reliability 99,5 %,Average availability 95,6 %,可用率 V94.3A 2003,1,1,1,1,Major overhaul,1,可靠性 V94.2 , V94.3A, V84.3A 1997-2003,V94.3A 先进的液力轴向间隙优化装置,Value: Increased power and efficiency,Result:Successfully operatedPerformance increase measuredClearances verified,M
24、easure:Hydraulic rotor shift by pistons behind the compressor axial bearingClearances are designed for hot restart and can be reduced during operationFail safe design + Retrofitable,V94.3A Upgrade Hydraulic Clearance Optimization,Combined Cycle Single-Shaft Power Train,Combustion Turbine,Foundation,
25、Generator,Steam Turbine,Exciter,Clutch,15 mm (0.6 in),Gas Turbine,Generator,Excitation,Clutch,Steam Turbine,Journal Bearing,Journal Thrust-Bearing,Journal Bearings,Journal Bearings,Journal Bearing,Journal Thrust-Bearing,Optimized Thermal Growth,20 mm (0.8 in),0,Compensation within the Clutch,12 mm (0.5 in),15 mm (0.6 in),0,Bearing and Clutch Arrangement of Power Train,Functional Diagram of Synchronous Clutch,
