1、三、谋篇布局 1. 文章结构 2. 论证结构 3. 开头段 4. 结尾段 5. 正文段展开（支持段、让步段） 1. 文章结构 四段戒者五段 正文段两段戒者三段 字数分配和时间分配 开头 3050字 3 结尾 30字 2 正文段：两段（每段 150字 10 ） 三段（每段 100字 7 ） 审题 2 检查 2 2. 论证结构 绝对论证 让步论证 绝对论证 Introduction Supporting Paragraph1 Supporting Paragraph2 Supporting Paragraph3 Conclusion Introduction Supporting Paragrap
2、h1 Supporting Paragraph2 Conclusion 让步论证 Introduction Concession Paragraph Supporting Paragraph1 Supporting Paragraph2 Conclusion Introduction Supporting Paragraph1 Supporting Paragraph2 Concession Paragraph Conclusion 3. 开头段 General Background（背景） 找背景的常用角度： Importance .play an essential role in. In
3、fluence .had a widespread/positive/negative impact on. Prevalence There is a general trend that. An increasing number of people. Topic Paraphrase However, the opinions about.are varied. Whether.is a controversial topic. Some educators(Experts) believe(advocate/recommend/propose) that. Whether is und
4、er fierce discussion. Whether has aroused a wide discussion. Thesis Statement The rapid growth of cities has a mostly positive impact on the development of the society. General Background 城市化对国家发展很 重要 。 城市化迚程对国家的发展有很大的 影响 。 在今天这个时代，城市的快速发展已经成为有一种 趋势 。 There is a general trend that urban development
5、is increasingly fast in this day and age. Some experts advocate that the rapid development of cities brings numerous benefits to the society. I agree. The best way to improve the quality of education is to increase teachers salary. Education is fundamental to a countrys future development, and many
6、approaches are raised to enhance the quality of schooling. Some people recommend that increasing teachers income should be the best one. Hardly can I agree. Many people have a close relationship with their pets. These people treat their birds, cats, or other animals as members of their family. In yo
7、ur opinion, are such relationships good? Pets are an integral part of the modern life. However, whether it is beneficial to have a close relationship with them is a controversial topic. I believe such a relationship brings benefits to people in various ways (despite some potential harms). People sho
8、uld not pay for public transportation. There is a general trend that the situation of traffic jams and air pollution has been progressively serious. Whether public transportation should be made free is under fierce discussion. I believe the plan should be implemented. 开头段的三点注意： 背景的引入要和论题搭配 论题重述要改写 表
9、述总观点的语言也要避免和论题重述一致 4. 结尾段 点到就好，切忌长篇大论。 重申 thesis。（分论点可选写。） thesis和 sub-points要同义改写。 总乊 to sum up all in all in conclusion 根据以上分析 , 我们可以 得出以下结论 from what has been discussed above due to the above mentioned reasons draw the conclusion To sum up, from what has been discussed above, we may finally draw
10、the conclusion that All in all, due to the above mentioned reasons, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that 例 1: Children should study art and music. 综上所述，根据以上的讨论，我们可以得出 艺术课程无论是课内还是课外对小孩儿都会带来深远的影响 。 profound influence To sum up, from what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that arts courses bring profound influence for students both in class and outside class. 例 2： It is better to watch serious movies than to entertaining movies. 综上所述，根据以上的讨论，我们可以得出 娱乐电影不仅有助于缓解压力，而且对于家庭关系也很重要 。 reduce stress build family ties
