1、The international community how to deal with global warmingAfrican countries to formulate action plan The African continent is one of the most serious areas affected by climate change. In recent years, because of the drought and waterlog in African countries is relatively common, caused a serious sh
2、ortage of food production. Severe drought in the horn of Africa and its surrounding areas, the cause of more than 2000 ten thousand people lack of food, many people have to rely on aid to survive. Rising temperatures also influence the development of animal husbandry. Africa 40% of the land owned by
3、 nomads, but the temperature rise caused by the drought livestock prevalence, increased mortality. Most African countries people make a living by farming and animal husbandry, so the climate warming causes a lot of people into poverty. Warming also cause disease epidemic in the region and the ecolog
4、ical balance is destroyed. Climate change has caused more and more attention to African countries. Ugandas environment ministry formulated the action plan on climate change, increase the investment in the field of science and technology and the public education, improve the publics perception of cli
5、mate change. Zambian President rupiah banda recently pointed out that adapt to the effects of climate change is a government priority. Zambias importance to the role of the forest in the aspect of greenhouse gases absorb, will assess forest policy this year, at the same time, the national climate ch
6、ange strategy is in preparation. South Africa held every year since 2005, a climate change conference on climate change white paper also will be completed by 2010, and 2012 years ago. Increase the development of renewable energy in the European Union Temperature rise caused by the extreme weather an
7、d water scarcity are harassing Europe: Britain suffered 60 years the worst floods; Strong storms coming in France; Glaciers in the Alps in the past 150 years fade up nearly 200 meters; Not its worst drought in Spain in 40 years, the second largest city of Barcelona had to buy water supply emergency
8、seconded the ship from the French residents; Desertification threatens the Iberian peninsula, a report said, the climate of Spain has started “Africa“; Heat waves and droughts caused by forest fires frequently, countries such as Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece suffer; Also affect the climate warming
9、in some areas of southern European grape planting, farmers had to consider destroyed vineyards, opening up new area to higher altitudes area. In response to climate warming, the European Union in the 2013 years ago to invest 105 billion euros developing “green economy“. Intensify development of rene
10、wable energy, and reduce dependence on fossil fuels, by 2020 will be based on greenhouse gas emissions in 1990 decreased by 20%. By 2020 the renewable energy accounted for the proportion of energy consumption is increased to 20%, increase the biofuel for transport at least to 10%, the coal, oil, nat
11、ural gas consumption reduced by 20%. Spain plans to change the economic development model, development of renewable clean energy. Government enacted “2004-2012, and effective utilization of energy saving strategy“, has started in the industrial, transportation and other seven aspects the implementat
12、ion plan to energy saving and efficiency increasing. All across the country, Sweden plans to 2030 cars are no longer use of fossil fuels. Determine the Danish capital Copenhagens goal is to achieve zero carbon emissions in 2025. Portugal has built the worlds largest solar photovoltaic power plant, c
13、ompared with the same capacity of coal power plants nearly 90000 tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions a year. Germany, France, Italy and so on the alpine convention states recently passed a programme of action in response to climate warming, the Alps region. The corresponding measures are introduced I
14、n the United States, due to rising temperatures, Alaska storms increases, people are forced to move to higher ground. The western mountains of snow, for fishing, hydroelectric power, industrial and agricultural water negative consequences. California sea levels have risen 20 cm over the past 100 yea
15、rs, killing 260000 people and more than 260000 kilometers road become “flood danger zone“. Is expected by the end of the century, California sea levels could rise by about 1.4 meters. Climate warming caused by the shortage of fresh water, agricultural production is also the faced problems. U.S. ener
16、gy secretary Steven chu said that if the United States does not take active action to slow global warming, the west and Midwest fresh water shortages will become more serious, large farms and vineyards in California could disappear by the end of the century. The American government proposed a set of
17、 countermeasures: start the “total amount control and emissions trading“ system; Each target, finally in 2020 years ago would reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels, and by the year 2050 to reduce 80%; In addition, it will invest $15 billion to develop clean energy, nuclear and clean coal te
18、chnology, development of security. The epa to reconsider Californias request, allow it to take the lead in the implementation of strict emissions standards for cars, and this will have a demonstration effect for more than 10 states. 非洲国家制订行动方案非洲大陆是受气候变化影响最为严重的地区。近年来，由于旱灾和涝灾在非洲国家较普遍，造成粮食产量严重不足。在非洲之角及
19、其周边地区，严重干旱造成 2000 多万人缺粮，许多人不得不靠救助为生。气温升高同时也影响畜牧业的发展。非洲 40的土地归牧民所有，但气温升高造成的干旱使牲畜患病率、死亡率增加。非洲大部分国家的民众以农牧业为生，因此气候变暖导致不少人陷入贫困。气候变暖还导致该地区疾病流行以及生态平衡被破坏。气候变化已经引起越来越多非洲国家的高度关注。乌干达环境部制定了应对气候变化行动方案，增加在科技和公众教育领域投资，提高公众对气候变化的认知。赞比亚总统班达最近指出，适应气候变化的影响是政府的优先任务。赞比亚强调森林在吸收温室气体方面的作用，将在今年评估森林政策，同时，国家应对气候变化战略也已在准备之中。南非
20、自 2005 年以来每年都召开一次气候变化会议，有关气候变化的白皮书也将于 2010 年前完成，并在 2012 年前实施。欧盟加大开发可再生能源气温升高造成的极端天气和水资源紧缺正袭扰欧洲：英国遭遇了 60 年不遇特大洪灾；强风暴降临法国；阿尔卑斯山冰川在过去 150 多年消退了近 200 米；西班牙遭遇 40 年未遇的大旱，第二大城市巴塞罗那不得不紧急调派轮船从法国买水供应居民；沙漠化威胁着伊比利亚半岛，有报告说，西班牙的气候已经开始“非洲化”；热浪和干旱引发的森林火灾频仍，葡萄牙、西班牙、意大利、希腊等国深受其害；气候变暖还影响到南欧一些地区的葡萄种植，农民不得不考虑毁掉葡萄园，到海拔更高
21、的地区开辟新的种植区。为应对气候变暖，欧盟在 2013 年前投资 1050 亿欧元发展“绿色经济”。加大开发可再生能源力度，减少对化石能源依赖，计划到 2020 年将温室气体排放量在 1990 年基础上减少 20%。到 2020 年把可再生能源占能源消费的比例提高到20%，把用于交通的生物燃料至少提高到 10%，将煤、石油、天然气的消耗减少20%。西班牙拟改变经济发展模式，发展可再生清洁能源。政府制订了“2004 2012 年节约和有效利用能源战略”，已开始在工业、交通等 7 个方面实施节能增效计划。瑞典计划至 2030 年全国所有汽车都不再使用化石燃料。丹麦首都哥本哈根确定的目标是 2025
22、 年实现碳零排放。葡萄牙已建起世界上功率最大的太阳能光伏电站，与同等发电量的煤动力电厂相比每年可减排近 9 万吨二氧化碳。德、法、意等阿尔卑斯公约缔约国最近也通过一项行动纲领，以应对阿尔卑斯山地区的气候变暖。美国出台应对措施在美国，由于气温升高，阿拉斯加地区风暴增加，人们被迫迁往高地居住。西部山区的积雪减少，给捕鱼、水力发电、工农业用水带来负面后果。加利福尼亚州的海平面在过去 100 年间上升了 20 厘米，致使 26 万居民和 3000 多公里道路成为“水灾危险区域”。预计到本世纪末，加州海平面将上升约 1.4 米。气候变暖造成的淡水紧缺、农业减产也是美国不得不面临的问题。美国能源部长朱棣文表示，如果美国不积极采取行动减缓全球变暖，美国西部和中西部地区的淡水短缺现象将更加严重，加州的大片农场和葡萄园可能在本世纪末消失。美国政府拟出台一整套应对措施：启动“总量控制和碳排放交易”体系；每年确定目标，最终在 2020 年前将温室气体排放降低到 1990 年水平，并到 2050 年再减少 80%；此外，还将投资 150 亿美元开发清洁能源，发展安全核能与清洁煤炭技术。美国环保署将重新审议加州的请求，允许其率先实施严格的汽车尾气排放标准，这将对美国 10 多个州产生示范效应。
